بررسی بعضی از عوامل اکولوژیکی جوانه‌زنی بذر علف‌هرز قیاق (Sorghum halepense (L.) PERS.)

پژوهش های حفاظت گیاهان ایران

مقاله 4، دوره 31، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 37، آذر 1396، صفحه 433-444  

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jpp.v31i3.55442

نویسندگان

مهدی مجاب¹؛ مجتبی حسینی ²؛ مجید کریمیان کلیشادرخی¹

¹دانشگاه پیام نور

²دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

قیاق یکی از مهمترین علف‌های‌هرز مسئله‌ساز در دنیا است. پاسخ جوانه‌زنی و سبز شدن آن به فاکتورهای مختلف محیطی در شرایط آزمایشگاه و گلخانه مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که، خیساندن بذور به مدت 30 دقیقه در اسید سولفوریک غلیظ (98-95 درصد) بهترین تیمار برای شکستن خواب بذر می‌باشد. پاسخ جوانه‌زنی در دو رژیم نوری (روشنایی/تاریکی و تاریکی مداوم) همراه با دامنه دمایی متفاوت ( ثابت و متناوب) یکسان بود. این گیاه در دماهای متناوب 15/25، 20/30 و 25/35 در هر دو رژیم نوری بیش از 95 درصد جوانه‌زنی داشته است. در دمای ثابت نیز روند درصد نهایی جوانه‌زنی مشابه دماهای متناوب بود و این صفت در محدوده‌ی دماهای ثابت 25 تا 45 بیش از 90 درصد جوانه‌زنی داشت. نتایج آزمایش شوری و خشکی نشان داد این گونه به شوری و خشکی مقاوم است؛ به‌طوری‌که، پتانسیل اسمزی و ماتریک لازم جهت کاهش حداکثر 50 درصد جوانه‌زنی بر اساس برازش مدل لجستیک سه پارامتری به‌ترتیب 62/9- و 13/9- بار محاسبه گردید. با افزایش عمق کاشت ظهور دانه‌رست به طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافت. بر اساس مدل برازش داده شده عمقی که باعث کاهش 50 درصد حداکثر سبزشدن دانه‌رست می‌شود 86/5 سانتی‌متر تعیین گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پتانسیل اسمزی؛ پتانسیل ماتریک؛ درجه حرارت؛ عمق دفن؛ نور

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