بررسی تأثیر سطوح مختلف گوگرد بر رشد، صفات کیفی و عملکرد گل گیاه دارویی آرنیکای چامیسو (Arnica chamissonis Less. ssp. foliosa)

علوم باغبانی

مقاله 5، دوره 33، شماره 2، تابستان 1398، صفحه 219-232  

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jhorts4.v0i0.71858

نویسندگان

مژده اسدی¹؛ جواد هادیان ¹؛ صمد نژاد ابراهیمی¹؛ قاسم کریم زاده²

¹شهید بهشتی تهران

²تربیت مدرس

چکیده

آرنیکای چامیسو با نام علمی Arnica chamissonis Less. ssp. foliosa گیاهی چندساله، ریزوم‌دار، با مصارف دارویی از خانواده آفتابگردان و بومی آمریکای شمالی و کانادا است. با توجه به نیاز این گیاه به مناطق خنک و خاک‌های با pH اسیدی و با هدف بررسی سازگاری این گیاه در ایران، تأثیر سطوح مختلف کود گوگرد بر کاهشpH  خاک و عملکرد آرنیکای چامیسو مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. آزمایش در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با 4 تیمار شامل سطوح مختلف کود گوگرد بنتونیتی (صفر، 250، 500 و 750 کیلوگرم در هکتار) به همراه باکتری thiooxidans  Thiobacillusدر سه تکرار انجام شد. صفاتی از جمله ارتفاع، سطح مقطع بوته، تعداد گل در بوته، قطر گل‌آذین، عملکرد وزن ‌تر و خشک گل در بوته و در مترمربع، هم‌چنین محتوای فنل و فلاونوئید کل، روتین، لوتئولین و آپی­جنین عصاره گل­ها اندازه‌گیری شدند. نتایج این بررسی نشان داد که آرنیکای چامیسو با منطقه مورد پژوهش سازگاری داشته و می‌توان آن را در اقلیم‌های مشابه، در مقیاس وسیع کشت کرد. در گیاهان تغذیه شده با تیمار 250 کیلوگرم گوگرد در هکتار بیش‌ترین ارتفاع بوته ( 6/25 سانتی­متر)، سطح مقطع بوته ( 48/25 سانتی­متر)، قطر ساقه (49/3 میلی­متر)، قطر گل (61/29 میلی­متر)، تعداد کل گل در بوته (66/58) و عملکرد گل (67/20 گرم در بوته) نسبت به شاهد مشاهده شد. مصرف سطوح بالای گوگرد سبب کاهش صفات رشدی و عملکردی و افزایش فنل کل، فلاونوئید کل، روتین، لوتئولین و آپی­جنین عصاره گل­ها شد که این امر با افزایش قابل ملاحظه هدایت الکتریکی خاک همراه بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اصلاح خاک؛ تغذیه گیاه؛ سازگاری؛ کود گوگرد

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