ارزیابی برخی شاخص‌های اگروفیزیولوژیک و عملکرد کمی و کیفی در کشت مخلوط کلزا (Brassica napus L.) و نخود (Cicer arietinum L.)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 16، دوره 11، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 39، فروردین 1398، صفحه 245-259   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v11i1.65192

نویسندگان

رحمن داودیان؛

دانشگاه بوعلی سینا

چکیده

یکی از راهکارهای افزایش ثبات، ایجاد تنوع از طریق به کارگیری نظام­های چندکشتی است. در این رابطه، کشت مخلوط به عنوان ابزاری سودمند جهت ارتقاء بهره­برداری از منابع زیست‌محیطی موجود، در مقایسه با بوم نظام‌های زراعی تک‌کشتی مطرح است. بدین منظور، پژوهشی بصورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با 8 تیمار و سه تکرار در دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران در سال زراعی 93-1392 اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل کشت خالص کلزا (با تراکم­های 60 و 80 بوته در متر مربع) و نخود (با تراکم­های 30 و 40 بوته در متر مربع) و کشت­های مخلوط 30 بوته نخود+ 60 بوته کلزا، 30 بوته نخود+ 80 بوته کلزا، 40 بوته نخود+ 60 بوته کلزا و 40 بوته نخود+ 80 بوته کلزا بودند. صفات سرعت فتوسنتز، عملکرد دانه، اجزای عملکرد، شاخص کلروفیل، درصد و عملکرد روغن و پروتئین و شاخص نسبت برابری زمین اندازه‌گیری و ارزیابی شد. نتایج نشان داد که شاخص کلروفیل و درصد پروتئین کلزا در کشت مخلوط بیشتر از کشت خالص بود ولی بیشترین سرعت فتوسنتز هر دو گونه گیاهی در کشت خالص مشاهده شد. بیشترین عملکرد دانه کلزا (7/370 گرم در متر مربع) از تراکم 80 بوته کلزا در کشت خالص بدست آمد ولی این تیمار با کشت خالص 60 بوته کلزا اختلاف معنی­دار نداشت. همچنین، کشت خالص نخود نسبت به کشت مخلوط آن، عملکرد دانه بیشتری داشت. علی­رغم کاهش عملکرد دانه کلزا و نخود در کشت مخلوط نسبت به کشت خالص، شاخص نسبت برابری زمین سودمندی کشت مخلوط را تأیید کرد، به نحوی‌که در تمام تیمارهای کشت مخلوط نسبت برابری زمین بالاتر از یک بود و بیشترین مقدار این شاخص (46/1) در کشت مخلوط 30 بوته نخود با 60 بوته کلزا مشاهده شد. لذا چنین می­توان استنباط کرد که کشت مخلوط کلزا با نخود دارای برتری نسبی در مقایسه با کشت خالص بود و کارایی استفاده از زمین را افزایش داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عملکرد دانه؛ کشت مخلوط؛ کلزا؛ نخود؛ نسبت برابری زمین

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