اثر کودهای آلی در تراکم جمعیت نماتد سیستی چغندرقند Heterodera schachtii Schmidt 1871

پژوهش های حفاظت گیاهان ایران

مقاله 6، دوره 31، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 37، مهر 1396، صفحه 475-487   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jpp.v31i3.57891

نویسندگان

ندا هلالات¹؛ مهدی نصراصفهانی^{* 2}؛ مجید اولیا¹

¹دانشگاه شهرکرد

²مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اصفهان

چکیده

جهت بررسی کنترل غیر شیمیایی نماتد سیستی چغندر قند،آزمایشی با استفاده از کودهای آلی در دو سطح مزرعه و گلخانه صورت پذیرفت. در این آزمایش، از کودهای نپوسیده دامی، در مقادیر 20، 40 و 60 تن در هکتار; مرغی 10، 20 و 40 تن در هکتار; کود سبز (ضایعات برگ کلم); دو نوع کمپوست 08 (8/0 میلی متر) و 015 (15/0 میلی متر)، و ورمی کمپوست، هر کدام به میزان20، 40 و 60 تن در هکتار انجام گردید. جمعیت نهایی، تعداد تخم و لارو سن دوم موجود، در هر گرم خاک، مبنای تجزیه وتحلیل آماری قرار گرفت. هم‏چنین، فاکتور تولید مثل و درصد کاهش و یا افزایش جمعیت نماتد سیستی چغندرقند محاسبه گردید. نتایج حاصله نشان داد، تیمار کود مرغی با 32/93 در صد، بیشترین اثر را در کاهش جمعیت نماتدسیستی چغندر قند و کمترین مقدار، در کود حیوانی 20 تن در هکتار با 77/44 در صد کاهش داشته است. کمترین میزان فاکتور تولید مثل، در تیمار کود مرغی بود. تیمارهای کود کمپوست 015، کمپوست 08، ورمی کمپوست، برگ کلم و کود گاوی در رده های بعد قرار گرفتند. نتایج، در خصوص میزان محصول، عیار قند و سایر شاخص ها در تیمارهای مختلف چغندر قند مورد بررسی، نشان داد که تفاوت قابل‏توجه در بین تیمارها وجود دارد. به طوری‏که کود مرغی 20 و 40 تن در هکتار، به ترتیب با 55/27 و 93/26 تن محصول در هکتار، بیشترین مقدار وکمترین آن، در تیمارهای شاهد و برگ کلم 20 تن در هکتار، به ترتیب با 77/13 و 20/14 تن در هکتار بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

نماتد سیستی؛ چغندرقند؛ کودهای آلی؛ Heterodera schachtii

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