بررسی اثر حشره‌کشی عصاره دانه زیتون تلخ و پوست لیموترش روی شته مومی کلم (Brevicoryne brassicae L.) و شته سبز گندم (Schizaphis graminum Rondani)

پژوهش های حفاظت گیاهان ایران

مقاله 9، دوره 31، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 37، آذر 1396، صفحه 496-504   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jpp.v31i3.58927

نویسندگان

مریم پهلوان یلی^{* 1}؛ محسن محمدی انایی²

¹دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

²شهید باهنر کرمان

چکیده

شته مومی کلم (Brevicoryne brassicae) و شته سبز گندم (Schizaphis graminum) به‌ترتیب از آفات مهم کلزا و گندم می‌باشند که بصورت قابل توجهی زراعت این محصولات را از طریق تغذیه بصورت مستقیم و انتقال عوامل بیماریزای ویروسی بصورت غیر مستقیم کاهش می‌دهند. پیدایش مقاومت به سموم شیمیایی و اثرات حاد و مزمن ناشی از کاربرد آن‌ها باعث استفاده از ترکیبات ثانویه گیاهی بصورت عصاره و اسانس به‌منظور کنترل آفات شده است. از جمله این ترکیب‌ها می‌توان به عصاره میوه زیتون تلخ و پوست لیموترش اشاره کرد. در این تحقیق اثر دو عصاره اتانولی مذکور در سه غلظت متفاوت (10، 50 و 80 میکروگرم بر میلی‌لیتر) روی درصد تلفات شته مومی کلم و شته سبز گندم مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد کاربرد عصاره اتانولی میوه زیتون تلخ در غلظت 80 میکروگرم بر میلی‌لیتر پس از 36 ساعت باعث 100 درصد مرگ و میر روی شته‌ها می‌شود که در مقایسه با عصاره پوست لیموترش به‌طور معنی‌داری بیشتر بود. همچنین در این مطالعه، مقدار فنل کل در عصاره میوه زیتون تلخ (74/2 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن تر) نسبت به عصاره پوست لیموترش (79/1 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن تر) بیشتر بوده است که می‌تواند با اثر کشندگی بالاتر زیتون تلخ روی این شته‌ها در ارتباط باشد. نتایج این تحقیق می‌تواند در کنترل شته‌های مذکور برای تولید محصولات سالم و ارگانیک مفید باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ترکیبات ثانویه گیاهی؛ غلظت؛ فنل

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