تأثیر تنش‌های خشکی و شوری بر رشد، گلدهی و برخی از ویژگی‌های بیوشیمیایی گیاه نرگس (Narsicuss tazetta L.)

علوم باغبانی

مقاله 8، دوره 33، شماره 3، آذر 1398، صفحه 451-466   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jhorts4.v0i0.76772

نویسندگان

علی ناصری مقدم؛ حسن بیات^* ؛ محمد حسین امینی فرد؛ فرید مرادی نژاد

دانشگاه بیرجند

چکیده

در بین تنش‌های محیطی، خشکی و شوری جزء مهم‌ترین تنش‌ها هستند که رشد و نمو گیاهان را در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک محدود می‌کنند. هدف از تحقیق حاضر بررسی اثر تنش‌های خشکی و شوری بر صفت‌های رویشی، زایشی و بیوشیمیایی گل نرگس شهلا (Narcissus tazetta L.) بود. این آزمایش گلدانی، به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار در دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند در سال 1396 انجام شد. تیمارها شامل کلرید‌سدیم در چهار سطح صفر (شاهد)، 20، 40 و 60 میلی‌مولار و تنش خشکی در چهار سطح 70،50،30 و 90 درصد ظرفیت زراعی بودند. نتایج اثرهای ساده نشان داد که تنش‌های خشکی و شوری باعث کاهش مقدار قطر ساقه گل‌دهنده، قطر گل، طول ریشه، حجم ریشه، وزن تر ریشه، طول و وزن تر سوخ، وزن تر اندام هوایی، وزن خشک کل و تعداد روز از گلدهی تا پیری گل شدند. در مقابل صفت‌های تعداد روز از کاشت تا گلدهی، میزان قندهای محلول کل برگ و ریشه، فعالیت آنتی­اکسیدانی و محتوای فنول کل تحت تأثیر این دو تنش افزایش یافتند. نتایج اثرهای متقابل نشان داد که اثر مخرب تنش‌های شوری و خشکی در شرایط کاربرد توأم دو تنش، تشدید شد به طوری که کمترین مقدار صفت‌های رشدی و زایشی در شدیدترین سطح تنش (30 درصد ظرفیت زراعی × شوری 60 میلی‌مولار) مشاهده شد. به طور کلی، نتایج نشان داد که در محدوده تیمارهای اعمال شده، اثر مخرب تنش شوری بر صفت‌های رشدی، زینتی و فیزیولوژیکی گل نرگس بیشتر از تنش خشکی بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

حجم ریشه؛ قطر گل؛ قندهای محلول کل؛ فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی؛ فنل کل

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