برهم‌کنش محدودیت تشعشع و نیتروژن بر رقابت دو گیاه چهارکربنه ارزن دم‌روباهی (Setaria italica L.) و تاج‌خروس سفید (Amaranthus albus L.)

پژوهش های حفاظت گیاهان ایران

مقاله 8، دوره 31، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 38، اسفند 1396، صفحه 662-675   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jpp.v31i4.61020

نویسندگان

سارا پرنده^* ؛ سید وحید اسلامی؛ مجید جامی الاحمدی

دانشگاه بیرجند

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی توان رقابتی علف‌هرز تاج‌خروس سفید در مزرعه ارزن و واکنش رشد و عملکرد این گیاهان به برهم‌کنش مقادیر مختلف تشعشع و نیتروژن، دو آزمایش مجزا بصورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1394 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند انجام گرفت. تشعشع به عنوان عامل اصلی در سه سطح (عدم سایه‌دهی، 41 و 75 درصد سایه‌دهی) و تراکم تاج‌خروس سفید به عنوان عامل فرعی در سه سطح (0، 12 و 24 بوته در متر مربع) در دو آزمایش مجزا، یکی در شرایط کاربرد 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود نیتروژن و دیگری در شرایط عدم کاربرد نیتروژن بررسی گردید. کاربرد نیتروژن باعث افزایش معنی‌دار ارتفاع، درصد ورس، تعداد برگ، طول پانیکول، زیست توده و عملکرد دانه ارزن و همچنین ارتفاع تاج‌خروس سفید گردید. سایه‌دهی در سطح 75 درصد منجر به افزایش درصد ورس ارزن و کاهش زیست توده و عملکرد دانه آن گردید و در عین حال ارتفاع بوته تاج‌خروس را افزایش و تعداد شاخه و بذر آن را کاهش داد. تأثیر تراکم تاج‌خروس سفید نیز بر ارتفاع، قطر ساقه و عملکرد دانه ارزن و همچنین ارتفاع، تعداد شاخه‌های فرعی و تعداد بذر در بوته تاج‌خروس سفید معنی‌دار بود و در بالاترین سطح منجر به کاهش 21 درصدی عملکرد دانه ارزن در مقایسه با شاهد گردید. بر اساس نتایج، سایه می‌تواند باعث کاهش تعداد شاخه‌های فرعی و کاهش تولید بذر در تاج‌خروس شود. همچنین به نظر می‌رسد کمبود نیتروژن، کاهش قدرت رقابت علف‌هرز و از طرف دیگر کاهش تولید بذر و ایجاد آلودگی کمتری را به دنبال دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تداخل؛ سایه‌دهی؛ صفات مورفولوژیک؛ عملکرد

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