اثر نسبت‌های کشت مخلوط جایگزینی زیره سبز (Cuminum cyminum L.) و موسیر (Allium altissimum Regel.) بر شاخص‌های رشدی

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 12، دوره 11، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 40، تیر 1398، صفحه 543-560   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v11i2.67513

نویسندگان

جواد مشکانی؛ محمد کافی^* ؛ سرور خرم دل؛ فاطمه معلم بنهنگی

گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر نسبت­های کشت مخلوط جایگزینی زیره سبز (Cuminum cyminum L.) و موسیر (Allium altissimum Regel.) بر ویژگی­های اکولوژیک و شاخص­های رشدی دو گونه، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در سال زراعی 94-1393 انجام شد. نسبت­های کشت مخلوط جایگزینی شامل 20% موسیر + 80% زیره سبز،40% موسیر + 60% زیره سبز، 50% موسیر + 50% زیره سبز، 80% موسیر +20% زیره سبز، 60% موسیر + 40% زیره سبز و کشت خالص هر دو گونه به‌عنوان تیمار مدنظر قرار گرفتند. تراکم غده­های موسیر و بذر زیره سبز به ترتیب برابر با 10 و 120 بوته در مترمربع بود. شاخص­های فیزیولوژیکی رشد شامل شاخص سطح برگ، میزان تجمع ماده خشک، سرعت رشد محصول و سرعت رشد نسبی هر دو گونه بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر نسبت­های کشت مخلوط دو گیاه دارویی زیره سبز و موسیر بر روند تجمع ماده خشک، شاخص­های رشدی سطح برگ، سرعت رشد محصول و سرعت رشد نسبی هر دو گیاه تأثیرگذار بود؛ به‌طوری­که بیشترین میزان تجمع ماده خشک زیره سبز و موسیر در کشت خالص به ترتیب با 426 و 289 گرم بر مترمربع به‌دست آمد. بالاترین سرعت رشد محصول زیره ‌سبز، 55 روز پس از سبز شدن از کشت خالص (45/8 گرم در مترمربع در روز) و کمترین مقدار آن از تیمار 20% زیره ‌سبز + 80% موسیر (7/6 گرم در مترمربع در روز) به‌دست آمد. بیشترین و کمترین مقدار CGR موسیر 50 روز پس از سبز شدن در کشت خالص با 98/7 گرم در مترمربع و تیمار 80% زیره ‌سبز + 20% موسیر 45 روز پس از سبز شدن به‌دست آمد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

شاخص سطح برگ؛ شاخص های فیزیولوژیک؛ سرعت رشد محصول؛ سرعت رشد نسبی؛ گیاه دارویی

مراجع

Akbari, G., Ghorchiani, M., Alikhani, H., Allahdadi, I., and Zarei, M. 2012. Effect of biological and chemical phosphate fertilizers on growth indices and grain yield of maize under deficit irrigation conditions in Karaj region. Water and Soil Science 22(4): 51-67. (In Persian with English Summary)

Alizadeh, Y., Koocheki, A., and Nassiri Mahallati, M. 2016. Evaluation of radiation use efficiency of intercropping of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and herb sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Agroecology 2 (1): 85-94. (In Persian with English Summary)

Aynehband, A., and Behrooz, M. 2011. Evaluation of Cereal-legume and Cereal-Pseudocereal intercropping systems through forage productivity and competition ability. American-Eurasian Journal Agriculture and Environmental Science 10 (4): 675-683.

Bagher Shirvan, M., Zaefarian, F., Akbarpour, V., and Asadi, G.A. 2012. Evaluation of yield advantage and economic productivity of soybean (Glycine max L.) intercropping with sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and borage (Borago officinalis L.). Journal of Agroecology 2 (2): 42-57. (In Persian with English Summary)

Banik, P., Midya, A., Sarkar, B.K., and Ghose, S.S. 2006. Wheat and chickpea intercropping systems in additive series experiment: Advantages and smothering. European Journal of Agronomy 24: 324-332.

Bannayan, M. 2001. Construction and Application of Simulation Models in Agriculture. Mashhad Ferdowsi University Press, Mashhad, Iran 204 pp. (In Persian)

Dai, C.C., Chen, Y., Wang, X.X., and Li, P.D. 2013. Effects of intercropping of peanut with the medicinal plant Atractylodes lancea on soil microecology and peanut yield in subtropical China. Agroforestry Systems 87 (2): 417-426.

Eskandari, H., and Alizadeh-Amraie, A. 2016. Evaluation of growth and species composition of weeds in maize-cowpea intercropping based on additive series under organic farming condition. Journal of Agroecology 8 (2): 227-240. (In Persian with English Summary)

Fisher, K.S., and Wilson, G.L., 1975. Effect of fertilizer on growth and yield in Sorgohum bicolor. Journal of Agricultural Research 26: 31-41.

Ggosh, P.K., Mohanty, M., Bandyopadhyay, K.K., Painuli, D.K., and Misra, A.K. 2006. Growth, competition, yields advantage and economics in soybean- pigeonpea intercropping system in semi- arid tropics of India II. Effect of nutrient management. Field Crops Research 96: 90-97.

Gilmore, E.C., and Rogers, J.S. 1958. Heat units as a method of measuring maturity in corn 1. Agronomy Journal, 50 (10), 611-615.

Gopta, S.N., Dahiya, B.S., Malic, B.P.S., and Bishnoi, N.R. 1995. Response of chick pea to water deficit and drought stress. Haryan Agriculture. Journal Research 25 (2): 11-19.

Hosseinpanahi, F., Koocheki, A., Nassiri Mahallati, M., and Ghorbani, R. 2010. Evaluation of radiation absorption and use efficiency in potato/corn intercropping. Journal of Agroecology 1 (2): 50-60. (In Persian with English Summary)

Jahani, M., Koocheki, A., and Nassiri Mahallati, M. 2008. Comparison of different intercropping arrangements of cumin (Cuminum cyminum) and lentil (Lens culinaris). Iranian Journal of Field Crop Research 6 (1): 67-78. (In Persian with English Summary)

Kafi, M. 1989. Effect of weed control frequency and density on yield and yield components of cumin. Master's thesis. Mashhad Ferdowsi University. (In Persian with English Summary)

Kafi, M., R Beydokhti, N., and Sanjani, S. 2011. The effect of planting date and plant density on yield and morphological traits of chives (Allium altissimum Regel.) under Mashhad climatic conditions. Agricultural Science and Technology 5(3): 310–319. (In Persian with English Summary)

Khorramdel, S., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Asadi, G.A., and Mirshekari, A. 2016. Effect of additive intercropping series of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) with saffron (Crocus sativus L.) on their yield and yield components. Journal of Saffron Research 4 (1): 53-71. (In Persian with English Summary)

Koocheki, A., Nassiri Mahallati, M., Khorramdel, S., Anvarkhah, S., Sabet Teimouri, M., and Sanjani, S. 2011. Evaluation of growth indices of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) and sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) in intercropping with replacement and additive series. Agroecology 2 (1): 27-36. (In Persian with English Summary)

Koocheki, A., and Sarmadniya, G.H. 2012. Crop Physiology. Publications University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. (In Persian)

Koocheki, A., Rashed Mohassel, M.H Nassiri Mahalati, M., and Sadrabadi, R. 1990. Principles of physiological growth and development of crops. Publication of Astan-e Quds Razavi, Mashhad, Iran 404 pp. (In Persian)

Koocheki, A., Shabahang, J., Khorramdel, S., and Amin Ghafoori, A. 2012. Ecological Study of different patterns of row intercropping borage (Borago officinalis L.) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Journal of Agroecology 4 (1): 1-11. (In Persian with English Summary)

Kurdali, F., Sharabi, N.E., and Arsalan, A. 1996. Rainfed vetch- barley mixed cropping in the Syrian semi- arid condition. I. Nitrogen nutrient using N isotopic dilution. Plant and Soil 183: 137-148. (In Persian with English Summary)

Lamei Harvani J. 2012. Technical and economical evaluation of mixed cropping grass pea with barley and triticale under dryland conditions in Zanjan Province. JCPP 2 (4):93-103. (In Persian with English Summary)

Lithourgidis, A.S., Vlachostergios, D.N., Dordas, C.A. and Damalas, C.A. 2011. Dry matter yield, nitrogen content, and competition in pea-cereal intercropping systems. European Journal of Agronomy 34: 287-294

Mansouri, H., Bannayan Aval, M., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., and Lakzian, A., 2014. Management of nitrogen, irrigation and planting density in Persian shallot (Allium hirtifolium) by using central composite optimizing method. Sustainable Agriculture and Production Science 41-60. (In Persian with English Summary)

Najibnia, S. 2010. Evaluation of absorption efficiency, productivity consumption and radiation, water and nutrients in the ship's systems rape, beans and corn. PhD Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. (In Persian with English Summary)

Nassiri Mahallati, M., Koocheki, A., and Jahan, M. 2010. Light absorption and use efficiency in winter wheat and maize cropping and relay intercropping. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 8 (6): 878-890. (In Persian with English Summary)

Nassiri Mahallati, M., Koocheki, A., Rezvan Moghaddam, P., and Beheshti, A.R. 2006. Agroecology. University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. (In Persian)

Odo, P.E. 1991. Evaluation of short and tall sorghum varieties in mixtures with cowpea in the Sudan savanna of Nigeria: Land equivalent ratio, grain yield and system productivity index. Experimental Agriculture 27: 435-441.

Oseni, T.O. 2010. Evaluations of sorghum-cowpea intercrop productivity in savanna agro-ecology using competition indices. Journal of Agricultural Science 2 (3): 229-234.

Rahimian, H., Salahi Moghaddam, M., and Galavi, M. 1991. Potato intercropping with maize and sunflower. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 6 (1): 45-48. (In Persian with English Summary)

Rezvan Beydokhti, S. 2005. Comparison of different intercropping arrangement of corn and bean. MSc. Thesis, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran. (In Persian with English Summary)

Sabzevari, S., Kafi, M., Banayan, M., and Khuzaie, H.R. 2013. Study thermal requirements, growth and Yield of Iranian shallot Allium altissimum Regel. and Boiss A. hertifulium different treatments of density, the weight of onions inflorescence. Journal of Agroecology 4 (6): 836-847. (In Persian with English Summary)

Tesar, M.B. 1984. Physiologycal Basis of Crop Growth and Development. Published American Society of Agronomy, USA. 404 pp.

Tsubo, M., Walker, S., and Mukhala, E. 2001. Comparison of radiation use efficiency of mono/intercropping systems with different row orientations. Field Crops Research 71: 17-29.

Van Iersel, M.W. 2000. Growth and maintenance respiration of Catharanthus roseus L. estimated from CO2 Exchange. American Journal of Society of Horticulture Science, Acta Horticulture 519: 133-140.

Van Iersel, M.W., and Seymour, L. 2000. Growth respiration, maintenance respiration and carbon fixation of Vinca: a time series analysis. Journal of American Society of Horticulture Science 125 (6): 702-706.

Walker, S., and Ogindo, H.O. 2003. The water budget of rainfed maize and bean intercrop. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 28: 919-926.

Yi Kai, Z., Fan Jun, C., Long, L., Yan Hua, C., Bing Ran, C., Yu Ling, Z., Li Xing, Y., Fu Suo, Z., and Guo Hua, M. 2012. The role of maize root size in phosphorus uptake and productivity of maize/ faba bean and maize/ wheat intercropping systems. Science China, Life Sciences 55 (11): 993-1001.

Zarifpour, N., Naseri Poor Yazdi, M., and Nassiri Mahallati, M. 2014. Evaluate the effect of different intercropping arrangements of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) on quantity and quality characteristic of species. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 12 (1): 34-43. (In Persian with English Summary)

Zhang, F., and Li, L. 2003. Using competitive and facilitative interactions in intercropping systems enhances crop productivity and nutrient- use efficiency. Plant and Soil 248: 305-312.