تعیین ارزش غذایی علوفه کوشیا (Kochia scoparia L.) تحت شرایط شوری و کم آبیاری

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 16، دوره 11، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 40، تیر 1398، صفحه 619-634   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v11i2.75545

نویسندگان

بی بی الهه موسوی فر؛ حمید رضا خزاعی^* ؛ محمد کافی

گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

کاهش کمی و کیفی منابع آب همراه با شوری خاک از مهمترین ویژگی­های مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک می­باشد و تولید گیاهان شور زیست تحت این شرایط جهت تغذیه دام از پایدارترین روش­های حفاظت از اکوسیستم­های بیابانی محسوب می­شود. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی کمی و کیفی علوفه کوشیا (Kochia scoparia L.) تحت مدیریت شوری و کم آبیاری بود. این آزمایش به­صورت کرت­های خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال 1394 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل 3 روش مدیریتی شوری: آب غیر شور (9/0 ﺩﺳﻲﺯﻳﻤﻨﺲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ)، مخلوط آب شور و غیر شور (45/15دسی­زیمنس بر متر) و آب شور (30 دسی­زیمنس بر متر)، 5 تیمار خشکی شامل:  آبیاری کامل (100% جبران نقصان رطوبتی خاک)، کم آبیاری سنتی یا تنظیم­شده 75% و 50% آبیاری کامل، و کم آبیاری نوین یا بخشی (جویچه­ای یک در­میان متغیر) 75% و 50% آبیاری کامل بود. نتایج نشان داد که اثر متقابل تنش شوری و خشکی باعث کاهش خاکستر خام و چربی خام و افزایش سدیم و پروتئین خام شد. همچنین اثر متقابل تنش شوری و خشکی بر روی میزان پتاسیم و کلر، NDF و ADF، قابلیت هضم و انرژی متابولیسم معنی­دار نبود که بیانگر بی­تأثیر بودن تنش شوری و خشکی بر کیفیت علوفه کوشیا می­باشد. بعلاوه افزایش شوری و خشکی بر عوامل ضد کیفیت علوفه مانند تانن و فنول بی­تأثیر بود. در­مجموع با توجه به پاسخ گیاه به تنش­های شوری و کم­آبی، می­توان کوشیا را به­عنوان گیاه علوفه­ای برای بسیاری از مناطق به­ویژه مناطق خشک و نیمه­خشک که در ایران از وسعت زیادی هم برخوردار هستند، جهت برآورده ساختن نیازهای انواع دام­های اهلی توصیه نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

کوشیا؛ کیفیت آب؛ کمیت آب؛ ترکیب شیمیایی علوفه

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