ارزیابی تأثیر آرایش کاشت و تیمارهای کودی بر رشد و عملکرد گل و بذر گونه دارویی پنیرک (Malva sylvestris L.)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 20، دوره 11، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 40، تیر 1398، صفحه 687-701   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v11i2.42037

نویسندگان

علیرضا کوچکی^* ؛ سرور خرم دل؛ ال ناز ابراهیمیان؛ جواد شباهنگ

گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

چکیده

به­منظور ارزیابی تأثیر آرایش کاشت و تیمارهای کودی بر رشد و عملکرد گل و بذر گونه دارویی پنیرک (Malva sylvestris L.)، آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت­های دو بار خردشده (اسپلیت اسپلیت پلات) در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در دو سال زراعی 92-1391 و 93-1392 به اجرا درآمد. منابع کودی شامل کود دامی از نوع گاوی، کمپوست زباله شهری پوسیده، کود شیمیایی و شاهد (عدم مصرف کود) و سه آرایش کاشت یک­طرفه با فاصله 70 سانتی‌متر، یک­طرفه با فاصله 90 سانتی‌متر و دوطرفه (با فاصله ردیف 100 سانتی­متر) و دو برداشت به ترتیب به‌عنوان عامل کرت­های اصلی، فرعی و فرعی فرعی در آزمایش در نظر گرفته شدند. صفات موردمطالعه شامل ارتفاع بوته، عملکرد گل تر و خشک، عملکرد بیولوژیک، دانه و درصد موسیلاژ پنیرک بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر ساده و متقابل تمام فاکتورها بر بیشتر صفات موردمطالعه معنی­دار بود. بیشترین عملکرد خشک گل برای کود دامی و آرایش کاشت دوطرفه (17/4071 کیلوگرم در هکتار) مشاهده شد و کمترین میزان به شاهد×آرایش کاشت یک‌طرفه 90 سانتی­متر (85/1095 کیلوگرم در هکتار) اختصاص داشت. بیشترین و کمترین عملکرد خشک گل به ترتیب برای کود دامی×برداشت دوم (06/4596 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و شاهد×برداشت اول (69/941 کیلوگرم در هکتار) بدست آمد. بالاترین عملکرد بیولوژیک و بذر مربوط به آرایش دوطرفه (به ترتیب با 01/4731 و 60/813 کیلوگرم در هکتار) بود و کمترین میزان به آرایش یک‌طرفه 90 سانتی­متر (به ترتیب با 96/3880 و 74/635 کیلوگرم در هکتار) تعلق داشت. کاربرد کود دامی در مقایسه با شاهد بیشترین تأثیر معنی­دار را در افزایش درصد موسیلاژ داشت؛ به‌طوری­که بیشترین درصد موسیلاژ برای کود دامی (06/12 درصد) بدست آمد و کمترین میزان به کود شیمیایی (32/9 درصد) تعلق داشت. بر اساس نتایج این آزمایش، آرایش کاشت دوطرفه و بهره­گیری از کودهای دامی را می­توان به‌عنوان راهکاری پایدار جهت دستیابی به عملکرد مطلوب کمی و کیفی در مدیریت این گونه دارویی مدنظر قرارداد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

کشت دو طرفه؛ کمپوست زباله شهری؛ کود دامی؛ کود آلی؛ موسیلاژ

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