مقایسه بهره‌وری انرژی و پتانسیل گرمایش جهانی در نظام‌های تولید آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L.) دیم

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 23، دوره 11، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 40، تیر 1398، صفحه 739-755   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v11i2.49739

نویسنده

زین العابدین امیدمهر^*

مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی سمنان (شاهرود)، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شاهرود

چکیده

این مطالعه به­منظور بررسی جریان انرژی و پتانسیل گرمایش جهانی مزارع آفتابگردان (Helianthus annuus L.) در شهرستان میامی انجام شد. اطلاعات لازم در مورد سه روش کاشت مرسوم، روش کم‌خاک‌ورزی و کاشت مستقیم از طریق مصاحبه حضوری و تکمیل پرسش‌نامه در سال 1389 تهیه شد. پس از جمع‌آوری اطلاعات، پارامترهای مربوط به انرژی و پتانسیل گرمایش جهانی ناشی از انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای بر مبنای معادل دی اکسید کربن محاسبه گردید. نتایج نشان داد که میزان انرژی ورودی در سه روش کاشت مرسوم، روش کم‌خاک‌ورزی و کاشت مستقیم به ترتیب برابر 13971، 12117 و 10865 مگاژول بر هکتار بود. در هر سه روش در مقایسه با سایر نهاده‌ها،کود نیتروژن و سوخت مصرفی بیشترین سهم انرژی ورودی را داشتند. بیشترین و کمترین میزان بهره‌وری انرژی به ترتیب مربوط به کشت مستقیم (15/0 کیلوگرم بر مگاژول) و کشت رایج (11/0 کیلوگرم بر مگاژول) بود. کمترین مقدار پتانسیل گرمایش جهانی از روش کاشت مستقیم به میزان 1449 کیلوگرم معادل دی اکسید کربن در هکتار بود. در روش مرسوم و کم‌خاک‌ورزی، پتانسیل گرمایش جهانی حاصل از مصرف سوخت بیشترین مقدار تولید گازهای گلخانه‌ای به ترتیب 3/43 و 5/36 درصد از کل تولید گازهای گلخانه‌ای  را به خود اختصاص داده است. در روش کاشت مستقیم، پتانسیل گرمایش جهانی حاصل از مصرف کود نیتروژن بیشترین مقدار تولید گازهای گلخانه‌ای (3/47 درصد) را به خود اختصاص داد. با توجه به نتایج بدست آمده مدیریت عملیات زراعی با رویکرد حذف عملیات اضافی (کاهش مصرف سوخت) و مدیریت مصرف کود نیتروژن، به­منظور افزایش بهره‌وری انرژی،کاهش تولید گازهای گلخانه‌ای و اثرات زیست‌محیطی ضروری است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای؛ خاک‌ورزی؛ دی ‌اکسید کربن؛ کشت مستقیم

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