مقایسه اثرات زیست‌محیطی مدیریت پیشرو و مدیریت رایج در بوم‌نظام‌های زراعی گندم زمستانه دشت میامی شاهرود به‌روش ارزیابی چرخه‌حیات

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 2، دوره 11، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 41، مهر 1398، صفحه 807-825   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v11i3.64237

نویسندگان

محبوبه حجتی¹؛ حمید رضا اصغری^{* 1}؛ احمد اخیانی²

¹گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود

²مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی استان سمنان (شاهرود)

چکیده

امروزه دستیابی به توسعه­پایدار بوم­نظام­های کشاورزی که در آن محیط نیاز نسل حاضر و نسل آینده را تأمین نماید مورد توجه بسیاری از محققین و دانشمندان قرار گرفته است. بررسی تأثیرات بوم­نظام­های زراعی و اثرات مثبت و منفی آن از موارد مهم برای دستیابی به اهداف توسعه پایدار می­باشد . ارزیابی چرخه­حیات روشی است که در آن اکثر اثرات زیست­محیطی یک بوم­نظام زراعی را مورد مطالعه و بررسی قرار می­دهد. این مطالعه به‌منظور ارزیابی و مقایسه اثرات زیست­محیطی نظام­های با مدیریت پیشرو و رایج گندم­های زمستانه دشت میامی (شاهرود)، به‌عنوان یکی از قطب­های تولید گندم استان سمنان طی یک دوره پنج ساله با استفاده از روش ارزیابی چرخه­حیات انجام شد. براساس استاندارد ISO14040، ارزیابی چرخه­حیات در چهار گام تعریف و اهداف، ممیزی چرخه­حیات، ارزیابی تأثیر چرخه­حیات (گرمایش جهانی، اسیدی شدن، اوتریفیکاسیون، تخلیه بالقوه منابع غیرزنده، سمیت و کاربری اراضی) و تلفیق و تفسیر نتایج محاسبه شد. نتایج نشان داد میزان مصرف نهاده­ها در مدیریت رایج بوم­نظام­های زراعی و میزان عملکرد در هکتار برای بوم‌نظام­های زراعی با مدیریت پیشرو بیش‌تر است. در بین شاخص­های بررسی شده بالاترین شاخص بوم‌شناختی برای تخلیه سنگ فسفات در مدیریت رایج 06/1 برای تولید یک تن گندم­ زمستانه و برای مدیریت پیشرو 82/0 بود، اوتریفیکاسیون بوم­نظام­های خشکی برای مدیریت مزارع رایج و پیشرو به‌ترتیب با 15/0 و 11/ 0 برای تولید یک تن گندم زمستانه در رتبه دوم قرار گرفت. با توجه نتایج به‌دست آمده آثار منفی زیست­محیطی بوم­نظام­های شامل مدیریت پیشرو کم‌تر بوده و شاخص بوم‌شناختی مدیریت پیشرو به اهداف توسعه پایدار نزدیک­تر بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اوتریفیکاسیون؛ شاخص بوم شناختی؛ مصرف منابع

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