تأثیر مصرف گوگرد و کود دامی بر ویژگی‌های کمّی و کیفی ارقام کنجد (Sesamum indicum L.)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 4، دوره 11، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 41، مهر 1398، صفحه 845-857   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v11i3.71128

نویسندگان

مرجان سعیدی نژاد¹؛ محمدعلی بهدانی^{* 1}؛ محمد حسن سیاری زهان²؛ سهراب محمودی¹

¹گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

²گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، ایران

چکیده

بالا بودن میزان pH خاک و تأثیر آن بر قابلیت استفاده از عناصر غذایی و هم‌چنین کمبود مواد آلی موجب شده میزان تولید از پتانسیل عملکرد محصول فاصله بگیرد. این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر دو ماده اصلاح‌کننده خاک، کود دامی و گوگرد بر عملکرد کمّی و کیفی ارقام کنجد (Sesamum indicum L.) طی سال 1395 در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمان به‌صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا گردید. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل کود گاوی در دو سطح (0 و 20 تن در هکتار)، گوگرد پودری در چهار سطح (0، 2، 4 و 8 تن در هکتار) و ارقام شامل جیرفت-13 و توده محلی جیرفت بودند. صفات مورد بررسی شامل عملکرد دانه، شاخص برداشت، محتوی روغن و پروتئین دانه و غلظت فسفر و گوگرد برگ ارقام کنجد بودند. نتایج نشان داد که بالاترین سطح گوگرد (8 تن در هکتار) به‌جز شاخص برداشت موجب افزایش معنی­داری در صفات مورد بررسی نسبت به تیمار شاهد گردید. هم‌چنین اثرات متقابل کود گاوی و گوگرد نیز بر تعدادی از صفات معنی­دار گردید طوری­که بیش‌ترین عملکرد دانه مربوط به رقم جیرفت-13 در بالاترین سطح گوگرد و کود گاوی (20 تن در هکتار) بود. رقم جیرفت-13 بیش‌ترین میزان درصد روغن و پروتئین دانه و هم‌چنین شاخص برداشت را نسبت به توده محلی جیرفت داشت. اثرات تیمارهای گوگرد و کود گاوی بر میزان روغن و پروتئین دانه معنی­دار بود و بیش‌ترین مقدار مربوط به کاربرد توأم گوگرد و کود گاوی بود. کاربرد گوگرد هم‌چنین موجب افزایش غلظت این عنصر در برگ­های گیاه گردید و هم‌چنین به‌دلیل کاهش موضعی pH خاک تأثیر معنی­داری در افزایش جذب فسفر داشت. نتایج نشان داد مصرف تلفیقی گوگرد و کود گاوی را می­توان به‌عنوان راهکاری اکولوژیک در راستای دستیابی به افزایش رشد و تولید کمّی و کیفی گیاهان روغنی به‌ویژه در خاک­های با قلیایی، مد نظر قرار داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

گیاه روغنی؛ کود؛ روغن؛ pH خاک؛ اصلاح خاک

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