تأثیر تنش شوری حاصل از آب آبیاری و خاک بر خصوصیات رشدی علف‌هرز اویارسلام ارغوانی (Cyperus rotundus L.)

پژوهش های حفاظت گیاهان ایران

مقاله 5، دوره 32، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 40، تیر 1397، صفحه 257-267   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jpp.v32i2.61666

نویسندگان

نصرت اله کریمی آرپناهی¹؛ سید وحید اسلامی^{* 2}؛ رحمت اله دهقان خلیلی²؛ محمد جواد بابائی زارچ²

¹دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند

²دانشگاه بیرجند

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثر تنش شوری حاصل از آب آبیاری و خاک بر خصوصیات رشدی علف‌هرز اویارسلام ارغوانی، دو آزمایش جداگانه در قالب طرح بلوک‏‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1392 در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند انجام شد. آزمایش اول شامل پنج سطح شوری آب آبیاری (صفر، 3، 5، 7 و 9 دسی‌زیمنس‌بر‌متر) و آزمایش دوم شامل پنج سطح شوری خاک (1، 3، 5، 7 و 9 دسی‌زیمنس‌بر‌متر) بود. نتایج آزمایش شوری آب نشان داد که بیشترین میزان ارتفاع بوته (71 سانتی‌متر)، سطح برگ (75/79 سانتی‌متر مربع)، تعداد ساقه (66/6 ساقه در گلدان)، وزن خشک اندام هوایی (693/4 گرم در بوته)، تعداد غده (66/9 غده در گلدان) و وزن خشک اندام زیرزمینی (328/4 گرم در بوته) در سطح شاهد حاصل شد که با افزایش شوری آب آبیاری به 9 دسی‌زیمنس‌بر‌متر به ترتیب با 5/46، 2/75، 85، 1/83، 100 و 8/80 درصد کاهش همراه بوده است. در آزمایش شوری خاک نیز بیشترین میزان ارتفاع بوته (6/79 سانتی‌متر)، سطح برگ (75/63 سانتی‌متر مربع)، تعداد ساقه (7 ساقه در گلدان)، وزن خشک اندام هوایی (454/3 گرم در بوته)، تعداد غده (33/8 غده در گلدان) و وزن خشک اندام زیرزمینی (655/3 گرم در بوته) در سطح یک دسی‌زیمنس‌بر‌متر حاصل شد، که با افزایش شوری خاک به 9 دسی‌زیمنس‌بر‌متر به ترتیب با 3/44، 8/80، 95، 1/87، 76 و 38/75 درصد کاهش همراه بود. به‌طور کلی به نظر می‌رسد غده و ریزوم‌های اویارسلام در شرایط تنش شوری قادر به جوانه‌زنی و تکثیر رویشی نیستند، که این حاکی از حساسیت بالای این علف‌هرز نسبت به تنش شوری می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

رشد رویشی؛ شوری؛ کلرید سدیم؛ مدیریت علف‌هرز

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