نقش دما و نور بر جوانه‌زنی و کمون ثانویه بذر کلزای (Brassica napus L.) خودرو

پژوهش های حفاظت گیاهان ایران

مقاله 6، دوره 32، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 40، تیر 1397، صفحه 269-278   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jpp.v32i2.64985

نویسندگان

علی شایان فر¹؛ فرشید قادری فر^{* 1}؛ رحمت الله بهمرام²؛ افشین سلطانی¹؛ حمید رضا صادقی پور³

¹دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

²موسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان

³گلستان

چکیده

بذرهای کلزا پس از ریزش در بانک بذر خاک، کمون ثانویه در آنها القا می‌شود. در فصل زراعی بعد با رفع کمون آنها، تهدیدی برای گیاهان زراعی بعد درنتیجه تظاهر کلزای خودرو خواهند بود. در این مطالعه بذرهای با سطوح کمون ثانویه کم (Gor-H-4 و Gor-O-16)، متوسط (زرفام و RGS003) و زیاد (Gor-O-4 و Gor-O-6) کلزا ابتدا در معرض شرایط القای کمون ثانویه و سپس تحت تیمارهای مختلف دما و نور قرار گرفتند. پس از القای کمون ثانویه، حداکثر درصد جوانه‌زنی در بذرهای با کمون کم در دمای ثابت در تاریکی و نور ثبت گردید و کاهش درصد کمون ثانویه در بذرهای با سطوح کمون متوسط با افزایش دما از 20 به 30 درجه سانتی‌گراد در تاریکی مشاهده شد که روند کاهشی بیشتری را در تیمار نور نشان داد. در بذرهای با سطوح کمون بالا، روند کاهشی مشابه با بذر کمون متوسط در تاریکی و نور بود، اما در بذر با کمون بالا (Gor-O-6) بیشتر ناشی از پاسخ آنها به افزایش دما و در دیگری (Gor-O-4) بیشتر متأثر از پاسخ به نور بود. رفع کامل کمون ثانویه بذرهای با کمون بالا، در تیمار 3-30 درجه سانتی‌گراد در تاریکی بیانگر جایگزین شدن دمای متناوب با نیاز نوری آنها بود، اما عدم رفع کامل کمون در تیمار 20-30 درجه سانتی‌گراد نشان دهنده رفع کمون برخی از بذرها توسط دمای متناوب و نیاز نوری کسری از بذرها به نور است. نتایج حاکی از فتوبلاستیک شدن بذرهای کلزا پس از القای کمون است که بر نقش فیتوکروم‌ها بر رفع کمون ثانویه بذر کلزا اشاره دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

بانک بذر خاک؛ فیتوکروم‌ها؛ علف هرز

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