ارزیابی اثر نظام‌های خاک‌ورزی برجنبه‌های زراعی کشت مخلوط تأخیری چای ترش (Hibiscus Subdariffa L.) و سویا (L. Glycine max)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 19، دوره 11، شماره 3، آذر 1398، صفحه 1085-1104  

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v11i3.68442

نویسندگان

فریبا سابقی نژاد¹؛ مهدی دهمرده ¹؛ محمدرضا اصغری پور²؛ عیسی خمری¹؛ زیبا سوری نظامی¹

¹دانشگاه زابل

²گروه زراعت، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور ارزیابی اثر نظام­های خاک­ورزی بر جنبه­های زراعی کشت مخلوط تأخیری چای ترش (Hibiscus Subdariffa L.) و سویا (Glycine max L.) آزمایشی در مزرعه آموزشی و تحقیقاتی مرکز تحقیقات جنوب استان کرمان واقع در شهرستان جیرفت در سال زراعی 1395، به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. عامل اصلی در سه سطح شامل خاک‌ورزی بدون شخم، شخم حداقل (دیسک) و شخم رایج (گاوآهن و دیسک) و عامل فرعی نسبت‌های افزایشی و جایگزینی کشت مخلوط چای ترش و سویا در هشت سطح شامل:کشت خالص چای ترش، کشت خالص سویا، 50 درصد چای ترش + 50 درصد سویا، 75 درصد چای ترش + 25 درصد سویا، 25 درصد چای ترش + 75 درصد سویا، 100 درصد چای ترش + 50 درصد سویا، 100 درصد سویا + 50 درصد چای ترش، 100 درصد چای ترش + 100 درصد سویا، در نظر گرفته شد (تراکم پایه دو گیاه در کشت خالص 20000 بوته در هکتار می­باشد). نتایج نشان داد تأثیر نظام‌های شخم و نسبت‌های مختلف کاشت بر تعداد غوزه در بوته، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد زیست‌توده، عملکرد کاسبرگ خشک، شاخص کلروفیل برگ، آنتوسیانین کاسبرگ چای ترش و پروتئین سویا معنی‌دار بود. مقایسه میانگین نشان داد که خاک‌ورزی بدون شخم در صفات تعداد غوزه (8/271 عدد در بوته)، عملکرد زیست‌توده (1/20 تن در هکتار)؛ عملکرد کاسبرگ خشک (16/1 تن در هکتار) و میزان آنتوسیانین در گیاه چای ترش (7/4 میکرومول بر گرم) نسبت به شخم رایج برتر بود. بیش‌ترین نسبت برابری زمین (78/3) از نسبت کشت 100درصد سویا +50 درصد چای ترش به‌دست آمد. هم‌چنین کشت مخلوط و خاک‌ورزی بدون شخم و شخم حداقل باعث افزایش عملکرد کاسبرگ چای ترش (51/1 تن در هکتار) و دانه سویا (98/2 تن در هکتار) شد، لذا با اجرای آن می‌توان باعث پایداری اکوسیستم زراعی گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

شخم کاهش یافته؛ کشت مخلوط؛ آنتوسیانین؛ شخم مرسوم

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