تأثیر مدیریت خاک‌ورزی و بقایای گیاهی بر ویژگی‌های شیمیایی و وزن مخصوص ظاهری خاک در کشت مخلوط ذرت (Zea mays L.) و لوبیا (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 21، دوره 11، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 41، مهر 1398، صفحه 1123-1138   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v11i3.72178

نویسندگان

فریده اکبری¹؛ مهدی دهمرده^{* 2}؛ علی مرشدی³؛ احمد قنبری²؛ سرور خرم دل⁴

¹گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل

²دانشگاه زابل

³دانشگاه شهر کرد

⁴دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر مدیریت خاک‌ورزی و بقایای گیاهی بر ویژگی‌های شیمیایی و وزن مخصوص ظاهری خاک در کشت مخلوط ذرت (Zea mays L.) و لوبیا (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)، آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های دو بار خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی شهرستان شهرکرد در سال زراعی 96-1395 اجرا شد. خاک­ورزی در سه سطح (رایج، کم‌خاکورزی و بی­خاک‌ورزی) به‌عنوان عامل اصلی، مدیریت بقایای گیاهی در چهار سطح (صفر، 30، 60 و 90 درصد وزن بقایای گندم) به‌عنوان عامل فرعی و پنج سطح کشت مخلوط (کشت خالص ذرت، کشت خالص لوبیا، نسبت 2:2 ذرت و لوبیا، نسبت 3:1 ذرت و لوبیا و نسبت 1:3 ذرت و لوبیا) به‌عنوان عامل فرعی فرعی مدنظر قرار گرفتند. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل درصد تغییرات محتوی عناصر پرمصرف (شامل نیتروژن کل، کربن آلی، فسفر و پتاسیم قابل دسترس)، وزن مخصوص ظاهری و ترسیب کربن خاک بود. نتایج نشان داد که عملیات خاک‌ورزی، محتوی نیتروژن کل، کربن آلی، پتاسیم قابل دسترس و وزن مخصوص ظاهری خاک را به‌طور معنی­داری تحت تأثیر قرار داد؛ به‌طوری­که افزایش شدت خاک‌ورزی موجب کاهش میانگین این صفات گردید. بیش‌ترین و کم‌ترین میانگین ترسیب کربن خاکبه‌ترتیب در تیمار 90 درصد بقایا، سیستم بدون خاک‌ورزی و نسبت کشت 2:2 برابر با 33/4154 کیلوگرم در هکتار و تیمار خاک‌ورزی رایج، صفر درصد بقایا و کشت خالص لوبیا برابر با 33/836 کیلوگرم در هکتار محاسبه شد. از کارکردهای مهم اکوسیستمی مرتبط با کشت مخلوط، افزایش تولید و به‌تبع آن توان ترسیب کربن گیاه می‌باشد که با توجه به نتایج این آزمایش می‌توان عنوان کرد که اجرای تیمار بدون خاک­ورزی همراه با بقایای گیاهی وکشت مخلوط با بهبود ذخیره کربن آلی خاک، می‌توانند در راستای تعدیل اثرات منفی تغییر اقلیم مفید واقع گردند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ترسیب کربن؛ تخریب خاک؛ خاک‌ورزی حفاظتی؛ وزن مخصوص ظاهری

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