ارزیابی مقاومت ارقام آبی گندم نان به نماتد سیستی غلات Heterodera filipjevi

پژوهش های حفاظت گیاهان ایران

مقاله 3، دوره 32، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 41، مهر 1397، صفحه 323-337   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jpp.v32i3.69796

نویسندگان

مرضیه معتمدی¹؛ مهدی نصراصفهانی^{* 2}؛ عیدی بازگیر¹؛ مصطفی درویش نیا¹

¹دانشگاه لرستان

²مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اصفهان

چکیده

گندم Triticum aestivum L. یکی از محصولات زراعی مهم و استراتژیک در جهان می­باشد. یکی از معضلات فعلی گندم نماتد سیستی، گونهHeterodera filipjevi  بوده که دارای پراکنش گسترده­تری نسبت به سایر گونه­ها در مزارع غلات کشور است. در این تحقیق واکنش 30 رقم گندم آبی در برابر نماتد سیستی H. filipjevi در قالب طرح­های آماری در گلخانه و مزرعه بررسی شد. شناسایی گونه براساس مطالعات ریخت­شناسی و ریخت­سنجی و هم­چنین، مشخصات مولکولی انجام گردید. شاخص­ تعداد سیست و تخم و لارو سن دوم، مبنای تجزیه و تحلیل آماری قرار گرفت. هم­چنین، فاکتور تولید­مثل و درصد کاهش و یا افزایش جمعیت نماتد سیستی غلات، در هر تیمار نسبت به جمعیت اولیه­ی همان تیمار محاسبه شد. تجزیه و تحلیل آماری و خوشه‏ای داده‏ها، به ترتیب، با مقایسه میانگین‏ها توسط آزمون چند دامنه‏ای دانکن (DMRT)، با استفاده از نرم افزارهای آماری SAS و SPSS انجام پذیرفت. نتایج نشان داد که در شرایط گلخانه، کمترین میزان سیست قهوه­ای مربوط به رقم بهرنگ با میانگین 15 عدد و بعد از آن رقم بم با میانگین 25/15 عدد در 200 سی­سی خاک بود. در صورتی که کمترین میزان تخم، لارو و فاکتور تولید مثل مربوط به رقم پیشتاز با میانگین 49/0 عدد در گرم خاک محاسبه شد. در شرایط مزرعه، کمترین میزان سیست مربوط به رقم‏ بم با میانگین 33/113 عدد در 200 سی­سی خاک و کمترین میزان تخم، لارو و فاکتور تولید مثل مربوط به رقم پارسی با میانگین 69/0 عدد در گرم خاک بود. ارقام مربوطه بر اساس واکنش به نماتد سیستی در سه طیف‏، مقاوم، متحمل و حساس قرار گرفتند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ارقام؛ گندم؛ مقاومت؛ نماتد سیستی غلات؛ Heterodera filipjevi

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