بهبود عملکرد کمّی و کیفی سیاهدانه (Nigella sativa L.)در کشت مخلوط با شنبلیله (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 5، دوره 11، شماره 4، اسفند 1398، صفحه 1261-1273  

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v11i4.72390

نویسندگان

افتخار رحمتی؛ شیوا خالص رو ؛ غلامرضا حیدری

دانشگاه کردستان

چکیده

کشت مخلوط یکی از پایداراترین نظام­های زراعی می­باشد، گیاهان دارویی نیز نقش مهمی در تأمین نیازهای انسان دارند، بنابراین، به‌منظور ارزیابی عملکرد و کیفیت گیاه دارویی سیاهدانه  (Nigella sativa L.)در کشت مخلوط با شنبلیله (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) آزمایشی در مزرعه­ تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه کردستان طی سال زراعی 1394 انجام شد. آزمایش در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. تیمار­های آزمایشی شامل کشت خالص سیاهدانه، کشت خالص شنبلیله، 50% سیاهدانه + 50% شنبلیله، 25% سیاهدانه + 75% شنبلیله، 75% سیاهدانه + 25% شنبلیله، 100% سیاهدانه + 5/12% شنبلیله، 100% سیاهدانه + 25% شنبلیله، 100% سیاهدانه + 5/37% شنبلیله، 100% سیاهدانه + 50% شنبلیله بر اساس سری­های جایگزینی و افزایشی بودند. در این پژوهش صفات مختلف از قبیل تعداد شاخه جانبی در بوته، تعداد کپسول در بوته، تعداد دانه در کپسول، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد وزن خشک کل، عملکرد دانه، درصد اسانس و عملکرد اسانس سیاهدانه، تعداد شاخه جانبی در بوته، تعداد غلاف در بوته، تعداد دانه در غلاف، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد وزن خشک کل و عملکرد دانه شنبلیله و هم‌چنین شاخص­های کشت مخلوط مانند LER و ATER مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد نسبت­های مختلف کاشت، اثر معنی­داری بر صفات نام‌برده هر دو گیاه داشت. بیش‌ترین مقادیر عملکرد دانه (15/972 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و عملکرد وزن خشک کل (1/2757 کیلوگرم در هکتار) سیاهدانه از نسبت 100% سیاهدانه + 5/12% شنبلیله حاصل شد؛ امّا نتایج در مورد شنبلیله نشان داد بیش‌ترین عملکرد دانه و عملکرد وزن خشک کل به‌ترتیب با مقادیر 4/784 و 7/3266 کیلوگرم در هکتار از کشت خالص آن حاصل گردید. بر اساس نتایج این آزمایش، بیش‌ترین ATER (30/1) از تیمار افزایشی 100% سیاهدانه + 5/12% شنبلیله به‌دست آمد. لذا چنین می­توان استنباط کرد که در پژوهش حاضر، این نسبت کشت مخلوط افزایشی در مقایسه با سایر نسبت­ها، ویژگی­های مثبت بیش‌تری داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اسانس؛ سری افزایشی؛ کشاورزی پایدار؛ گیاه دارویی

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