ارزیابی اثر دوگونه‌ میکوریزا و کود زیستی نیتروکسین بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد سیر (Allium sativum L.) در یک نظام زراعی اکولوژیک

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 2، دوره 13، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 39، مهر 1394، صفحه 435-447   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/gsc.v13i3.51149

نویسندگان

پرویز رضوانی مقدم^* ؛ محمد بهزاد امیری؛ علی نوروزیان؛ حمیدرضا احیایی

دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

در سال‌های اخیر همواره استفاده از نهاده‌های بیولوژیک به‌عنوان یکی از راهکارهای اساسی در جهت توسعه پایدار محصولات زراعی و به‌ویژه گیاهان دارویی مطرح بوده‌اند. به‌منظور بررسی اثر گونه‌های مختلف میکوریزا و کود زیستی نیتروکسین بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد سیر آزمایشی در سال زراعی 89-1388 در مزرعۀ تحقیقاتی دانشکدۀ کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایۀ بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی و با سه تکرار انجام شد. عوامل مورد بررسی شامل گونه‌های مختلف میکوریزا (Glomus mosseae، Glomus intraradices و شاهد بدون میکوریزا) و کود زیستی (کاربرد و عدم کاربرد نیتروکسین (دارای باکتری‌های Azotobacter sp. و Azospirillum sp.)) بودند. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که تلقیح با دو گونه میکوریزا صفات مورد مطالعه را نسبت به شاهد افزایش دادند. وزن سوخ در بوته به‌طور معنی‌داری تحت‌تأثیر گونه‌های مختلف میکوریزا قرار گرفت، به‌طوری‌که گونه‌های Glomus mosseae و Glomus intraradices وزن سوخ در بوته را به‌ترتیب 48 و 29 درصد نسبت به شاهد افزایش دادند. تلقیح با نیتروکسین به‌طور معنی‌داری بر طول و قطر سوخک تأثیر داشت، به‌طوری‌که به‌ترتیب باعث افزایش 13 و 8 درصدی طول و قطر سوخک نسبت به شاهد شد. با توجه به نتایج آزمایش، تلقیح با Glomus mosseae در تلقیح و عدم‌تلقیح با نیتروکسین، در اکثر صفات مورد مطالعه نسبت به سایر تیمارها برتر بود. اثر متقابل تلقیح نیتروکسین و گونه‌های مختلف میکوریزا بر تمامی صفات مورد مطالعه معنی‌دار بود. نیتروکسین اثر تمامی گونه‌های میکوریزای مورد مطالعه را در مقایسه با شرایطی که این میکوریزاها به تنهایی به‌کار رفتند تشدید کرد. بیشترین (4306 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و کمترین (1665 کیلوگرم در هکتار) عملکرد اقتصادی به‌ترتیب در تیمارهای تلقیح Glomus mosseae توأم با تلقیح نیتروکسین و عدم میکوریزا + عدم تلقیح نیتروکسین به‌دست آمد. به‌طور کلی با توجه به یافته‌های این پژوهش، به نظر می‌رسد می‌توان با استفاده از نهاده‌های بیولوژیک ضمن کاهش مصرف کودهای شیمیایی و مخاطرات زیست‌محیطی ناشی از آنها، پایداری تولید را در درازمدت حفظ نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

حجم سوخ؛ عملکرد زیستی؛ عملکرد سوخ؛ کود بیولوژیک

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