اثر تنش خشکی و محلول‌پاشی بور و روی بر عملکرد و برخی خصوصیات مورفولوژیک و زراعی گلرنگ بهاره (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 6، دوره 11، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 42، دی 1398، صفحه 1275-1291   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v11i4.72028

نویسندگان

سمیه سهیلی موحد¹؛ سعید خماری^{* 1}؛ پریسا شیخ زاده¹؛ بهرام علیزاده²

¹گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

²مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

به­منظور بررسی اثر محلول­پاشی عناصر کم­مصرف بور و روی بر عملکرد و برخی صفات مورفولوژیک و زراعی گلرنگ بهاره (Carthamus tinctorius L.) (رقم محلی اصفهان) تحت تنش خشکی انتهای فصل، دو آزمایش جداگانه طی سال­های زراعی 93- 1392 و 94- 1393 در مزرعه­ تحقیقاتی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی به­صورت اسپیلیت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه­ بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام گرفت. کرت اصلی شامل سه سطح محدودیت آب (=S1 آبیاری کامل تا انتهای فصل، =S2 قطع آبیاری از مرحله­ گل‌دهی و =S3 قطع آبیاری از مرحله دانه­بندی) و کرت فرعی شامل ترکیب فاکتوریل عناصر ریزمغذی بور (0B1= ، 350  B2=و 700B3=  پی­پی­ام) و روی (0Zn1= ، 1000Zn2=  و 2000Zn3=  پی­پی­ام) بود. نتایج نشان داد که در سال اول آزمایش کلیه صفات مورد بررسی تحت اثرات منفی محدودیت آب قرار گرفتند. تنش خشکی در مرحله گل‌دهی (S2) و دانه­بندی (S3)، به­صورت معنی­داری عملکرد دانه را نسبت به شاهد (S1) کاهش داد (به­ترتیب 62/15 درصد و 77/12 درصد). در سال دوم به­علت بارش­های فراوان در طی دوره تنش اختلاف معنی­داری بین تیمارهای آبیاری در کلیه صفات مشاهده نشد. در هر دو سال آزمایش تیمارهای B3Zn2 و B2Zn2 در صفات عملکرد و درصد مغز دانه حداکثر افزایش معنی­دار و در صفات درصد پوسته دانه و نسبت پوسته به مغز بیش‌ترین کاهش معنی­دار را نسبت به شاهد نشان دادند. هم‌چنین این تیمارها بالاترین قطر طبق (به­ترتیب 83/42 و 31/42 میلی­متر)، طول (به­ترتیب 84/8 و 63/8 میلی­متر) و عرض دانه (به­ترتیب 89/4 و 77/4 میلی­متر) را دارا بودند. در هر دو سال آزمایش بیش‌ترین طول دانه در کلیه سطوح آبیاری در تیمار B3 مشاهده شد. محلول­پاشی عناصر بور و روی در شرایط تنش در مرحله­ گل‌دهی و دانه­بندی، اکثر صفات مورد بررسی را به­طور معنی­داری بهبود بخشید. وجود همبستگی مثبت و معنی­دار بین عملکرد و سایر صفات مورد مطالعه نشان داد که عناصر ریزمغذی اگر در زمان مناسب و به‌مقدار بهینه مصرف گردد، در مقاومت به خشکی گیاه اثر مثبت خواهند گذاشت. به­طور­کلی، محلول­پاشی برگی عناصر بور و روی نسبت به شاهد توانست تا حدودی خسارات ناشی از محدودیت آب را در گلرنگ جبران نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پوسته و مغز دانه؛ تنش خشکی؛ عملکرد نهایی؛ عناصر ریز مغذی

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