تأثیر کمپوست زباله شهری و کودهای شیمیایی بر عملکرد کمّی و کیفی گندم آبی (Triticum astivum L.) رقم بهار

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 7، دوره 11، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 42، دی 1398، صفحه 1293-1307   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v11i4.72530

نویسندگان

جلال قادری^* ؛ عادل نعمتی؛ محمود شریعتمداری

بخش تحقیقات آب و خاک، مرکز تحقیقات آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمانشاه، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی تهران

چکیده

با توجه به کمبود مواد آلی در خاک­ها و با هدف استفاده بهینه از کودهای آلی و شیمیایی برای دست­یابی به کشاورزی پایدار، آزمایشی به­منظور بررسی تأثیر کودهای شیمیایی و کود آلی کمپوست زباله شهری بر عملکرد کمّی وکیفی گندم (Triticum astivum L.) رقم بهار، با چهار سطح کودهای شیمیایی (بدون مصرف، سیستم رایج، بر اساس آنالیز خاک و 25 درصد کم‌تر از آنالیز خاک) و کمپوست زباله شهری در چهار سطح (0، 10 ، 20 و 30 تن بر هکتار) به‌صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار، در سال زراعی 93-1392 در کرمانشاه اجرا شد. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که اثر اصلی مصرف کمپوست، کودهای شیمیایی و اثر برهم‌کنش آن‌ها روی صفات آزمایشی معنی­دار شد. در این تحقیق کاربرد کودهای شیمیایی و کمپوست سبب افزایش معنی­دار عملکرد دانه، وزن هزار دانه، تعداد دانه در سنبله، ارتفاع گیاه، تعداد پنجه در بوته، درصد پروتئین و غلظت عناصر غذایی در دانه گندم گردید. مقایسه میانگین اثر برهم‌کنش کودهای شیمیایی و کمپوست زباله شهری نشان داد با کاربرد تیمار 10 تن بر هکتار کمپوست و کودهای شیمیایی 25 درصد کم‌تر از آنالیز خاک، بیش‌ترین عملکرد دانه (5900 کیلوگرم بر هکتار)، وزن هزار دانه (39 گرم)، تعداد دانه در سنبله (71)، درصد پروتئین (6/12) و غلظت عناصر غذایی در دانه به‌دست آمد و کم‌ترین میزان صفات مورد بررسی در شاهد مشاهده گردید. با توجه به نتایج به­دست آمده و در نظر گرفتن مسائل زیست­محیطی، کاربرد توأم 10 تن بر هکتار کمپوست و کودهای شیمیایی 25 درصد کم‌تر از آنالیز خاک پیشنهاد می­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آهن؛ روی؛ فسفر؛ کودهای آلی؛ نیتروژن

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