شناسایی متغیرهای فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک مؤثر بر پراکنش گیاهان دارویی (مطالعه موردی: مراتع ییلاقی منطقه دراسله، سوادکوه، مازندران)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 9، دوره 11، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 42، دی 1398، صفحه 1327-1341   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v11i4.61976

نویسندگان

ایمان حقیان¹؛ محسن شرافتمندراد^{* 2}

¹دانشگاه تربت حیدریه

²دانشگاه جیرفت

چکیده

شناسایی نیازهای اکولوژیک گونه‌های گیاهی مختلف و عوامل محیطی مؤثر در استقرار آن‌ها را می‌توان نخستین گام در راستای شناخت مناطق مستعد رشد و توسعه آن‌ها جهت اصلاح و احیای مراتع از طریق مرتع‌کاری دانست. از این رو، در مطالعه حاضر، نقش متغیرهای فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک در پراکنش و استقرار گیاهان دارویی در منطقه دراسله استان مازندران مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. برای اندازه‌گیری پوشش گیاهی از پلات‌های یک متر‌مربعی در امتداد ترانسکت‌های 50 متری با استقرار تصادفی- سیستماتیک استفاده شد. در کنار هر ترانسکت یک نمونه خاک نیز برداشت و جهت تعیین ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک به آزمایشگاه منتقل شد. سپس با تکنیک رسته‌بندی و انجام تجزیه و تحلیل‌های تطبیق قوس‌گیری شده (DCA)3 و تطبیق متعارفی (CCA)4 اثر این متغیرها بر پراکنش گیاهان دارویی تعیین شد. تعداد 29 گیاه دارویی در منطقه شناسایی شد. نتایج آنالیزهای چندمتغیره نیز نشان داد که اثر متغیرهای خاکی بر پراکنش گیاهان دارویی معنی‌دار است و اکثر گونه‌ها تحت تأثیر این متغیرها قرار گرفتند. در این بین، اسیدیته و میزان رس تعداد بیش‌تری از گیاهان را تحت تأثیر قرار دادند. بنابراین، پراکنش گیاهان دارویی در منطقه دراسله تا حد زیادی متأثر از متغیرهای خاکی است و با شناسایی این عوامل می‌توان گام مؤثری در معرفی و کاشت این گیاهان در مناطق مستعد و مناسب برداشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پراکنش؛ خاک؛ رسته بندی؛ عوامل محیطی؛ گیاهان داروئی

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