تأثیر مدیریت بهینه نیتروژن و جهت‌های کاشت بر ﺻﻔﺎت اکوﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و اﺟﺰای ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﭼﺎی ﺗﺮش ((Hibiscus sabdariffa L.

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 11، دوره 11، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 42، دی 1398، صفحه 1357-1374   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v11i4.74229

نویسندگان

فرزانه ریگی¹؛ مهدی دهمرده^{* 2}؛ عیسی خمری²؛ رضا باقری¹

¹گروه علوم باغبانی، ، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

²گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور ارزیابی تأثیر جهت کشت و تقسیط نیتروژن بر ﺻﻔﺎت اکوﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و اﺟﺰای ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد گیاه دارویی چای ترش ((Hibiscus sabdariffa L. آزمایشی به‌صورت اسپلیت‌پلات در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در پژوهشکده تحقیقاتی دانشگاه زابل در سال زراعی 1396-1395 اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل جهت کشت در دو سطح (شمالی- جنوبی، شرقی- غربی) به‌عنوان عامل اصلی و تقسیط نیتروژن از منبع اوره چهار سطح (یک‌سوم قبل از کاشت، یک‌سوم مرحله چهار‌برگی، یک‌سوم مرحله ساقه رفتن؛ یک‌دوم قبل ازکاشت یک‌دوم مرحله چهار‌برگی؛ یک‌دوم مرحله چهار‌برگی یک‌دوم مرحله ساقه رفتن؛ یک‌سوم مرحله چهار‌برگی، یک‌سوم مرحله ساقه رفتن، یک‌سوم مرحله گل‌دهی) به‌عنوان عامل ­فرعی بودند. نتایج ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﻧﺸﺎن داد که جهت کشت و تقسیط نیتروژن بر صفات ارتفاع بوته، قطر ساقه، تعداد شاخه جانبی، تعداد غوزه در بوته، وزن تر کاسبرگ، وزن خشک کاسبرگ و شاخص برداشت معنی­دار بود. امّا تعداد شاخه جانبی و قطر ساقه تنها تحت تأثیر جهت کشت قرار گرفتند. عملکرد بیولوژیک تنها تحت تأثیر تقسیط نیتروژن قرار گرفت. اثر متقابل جهت کشت و تقسیط نیتروژن برای صفت شاخص برداشت معنی‌دار (پنج درصد) و برای سایر صفات مورفولوژیک بسیار معنی­دار (یک درصد) شد. بر اساس نتایج مقایسه میانگین تیمارها مشخص گردید که به‌جز تعداد شاخه جانبی تمامی صفات مورفولوژیکی اندازه‌گیری شده در جهت کشت شمالی- جنوبی دارای بیش‌ترین مقدار بودند. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻂ ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن به‌صورت مصرف در مرحله چهاربرگی، مرحله ساقه رفتن و گل‌دهی نسبت به سایر تیمارها بر ویژگی‌های اندازه‌گیری شده تأثیر معنی‌داری داشت. زمان‌بندی صحیح مصرف کود، مهم‌تر از کل مقدار کود به کار رفته می­باشد، به‌طوری که ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻂ زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﺑﻪ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ، ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ویژگی­های عملکردی چای ترش شد که در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ می­تواند ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎی ﮐﻮدی و آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ را در ﭘﯽ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

کلیدواژه‌ها

دمای خاک؛ ماده آلی خاک؛ نیتروژن خاک؛ عملکرد کاسبرگ

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