بررسی تأثیر سطوح مختلف کود کامل NPK و اسید فولویک بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی، عملکرد و اجزا عملکرد گیاه دارویی ریحان (Ocimum basilicum L.)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 12، دوره 11، شماره 4، زمستان 1398، صفحه 1375-1388  

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v11i4.73422

نویسندگان

محبوبه عسگریان؛ محمدحسین امینی فرد ؛ مهدی خیاط؛ مهدی جهانی

دانشگاه بیرجند

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر سطوح کود کامل NPK و اسید فولویک بر برخی صفات رویشی و زایشی گیاه ریحان (Ocimum basilicum L.)، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی، در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند در سال زراعی 96- 1395 اجرا شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل محلول‌پاشی کود کاملNPK  (20-20-20) در سه سطح (صفر، سه و شش در هزار) و مصرف خاکی اسید فولویک در سه سطح (0 و 5 و 10 کیلوگرم در هکتار) با سه تکرار بودند. نتایج نشان داد، کود کاملNPK  تأثیر معنی‌داری بر ‌ارتفاع، تعداد برگ، وزن هزار دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک داشت، به‌طوری‌که بیش‌ترین میزان ارتفاع (4/48 سانتی‌متر) و عملکرد بیولوژیک (1/2 کیلوگرم در مترمربع) از کاربرد سطح شش در هزار کود کامل و کم‌ترین آن (5/36 سانتی‌متر و 6/1 کیلوگرم در مترمربع) از شاهد (عدم کاربرد کود) به‌دست آمد. هم‌چنین بیش‌ترین میزان تعداد برگ بوته (5/129) و وزن هزار دانه (5/1 گرم) با کاربرد 10 کیلوگرم در هکتار اسید فولویک و کم‌ترین میزان این صفات (120 و 4/1 گرم) در شاهد مشاهده شد. اما فاصله میان‌گره و تعداد بذر بوته تحت تأثیر تیمارهای کودی قرار نگرفت. هم‌چنین اثرات متقابل نیز نشان داد،که بیش‌ترین میزان عملکرد بیولوژیک (2/2 کیلوگرم در مترمربع) و وزن خشک بوته (8/483 گرم در مترمربع)، در تیمار مصرف هم‌زمان شش در هزار کود کامل و10 کیلوگرم در هکتار اسید فولویک و کم‌ترین میزان آن‌ها (4/1کیلوگرم در مترمربع و 5/259 گرم در مترمربع)، در شاهد (عدم کودهی)‌ مشاهده شد. به‌طور کلی، نتایج بیانگر تأثیر مثبت و افزایشی کاربرد تلفیقی کودهای شیمیایی و آلی بر میزان عملکرد گیاه ریحان بود و بر این اساس پیشنهاد می‌شود، می‌توان تیمار شش در هزار کود کامل و 10 کیلوگرم در هکتار اسیدفولویک را به‌عنوان راهکاری اکولوژیک برای افزایش عملکرد کمّی گیاه دارویی ریحان توصیه نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عملکرد بیولوژیکی؛ تعداد بذر؛ شاخص برداشت؛ گیاه دارویی

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