ارزیابی شاخص‌های کارایی مصرف منابع و حاصلخیزی خاک در نسبت‌های کشت مخلوط ارزن مرواریدی (Pennisetum americanum L. ) و بادام‌زمینی (Arachis hypogeae L.)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 21، دوره 11، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 42، دی 1398، صفحه 1511-1525   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v11i4.76827

نویسندگان

زهرا خمر؛ مهدی دهمرده^* ؛ عیسی خمری؛ سید محسن موسوی نیک

گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر فواصل بین ردیف‌، وجین علف‌های هرز و نسبت­های کشت مخلوط ارزن مرواریدی (Pennisetum americanum L) و بادام‌زمینی رقم گلی (Arachis hypogea L.)، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال 1391 در پژوهشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زابل اجرا شد. فاکتورهای آزمایشی شامل چهار نسبت کاشت سری جایگزینی و افزایشی (ارزن خالص، 50 درصد ارزن + 50 درصد بادام‌زمینی، 100 درصد ارزن + 100 درصد بادام‌زمینی و بادام‌زمینی خالص)، سه سطح وجین علف‌های هرز (عدم وجین، یک‌بار وجین و دوبار وجین علف‌های هرز) و فواصل بین ردیف­ها با دو سطح (40 و 50 سانتی‌متر) در نظر گرفته شد. صفات مورد ارزیابی منابع محیطی شامل (تشعشعات فعال فتوسنتزی، دما و رطوبت)، عناصر غذایی خاک شامل (نیتروژن (N)، منیزیم (Mg)، کلسیم (Ca) و کربن (C)) و جهت ارزیابی کشت مخلوط نسبت به خالص از شاخص نسبت برابری زمین استفاده گردید. تمامی صفات مورد بررسی تحت تأثیر سیستم کاشت قرار گرفتند. اثر متقابل معنی‌داری بین سیستم کاشت، وجین علف‌های هرز و فواصل بین ردیف­ها در میزان جذب نور، دما و رطوبت وجود داشت. نتایج نشان داد که میزان تابش فعال فتوسنتزی جذب شده در کشت مخلوط بالاتر از کشت خالص هر دو گیاه بود. نتایج تغییرات عناصر غذایی خاک نشان داد که مقدار عناصر دو ظرفیتی (کلسیم و منیزیم) در مخلوط افزایشی و تک‌کشتی ارزن بیش‌تر از مخلوط جایگزینی و تک‌کشتی بادام‌زمینی بود. تیمار مخلوط افزایشی بالاترین نسبت برابری زمین (65/1) را به خود اختصاص داد. در مجموع، کشت مخلوط همراه با افزایش فواصل بین ردیف­ها و وجین علف‌های هرز موجب افزایش میزان عناصر خاک پس از برداشت محصول و افزایش حاصلخیزی خاک شد و تیمار 100 درصد ارزن + 100 درصد بادام‌زمینی به‌دلیل بهره‌برداری بهتر از منابع، افزایش حاصلخیزی خاک و افزایش عملکرد نسبت به کشت­های خالص برترین تیمار آزمایش بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تشعشع فعال فتوسنتزی؛ دمای خاک؛ رطوبت حجمی خاک؛ نسبت برابری زمین

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