اثر آبیاری تناوبی و فاصله کاشت بر رشد و شاخص‌های رشدی و آب مصرفی گیاه برنج (Oryza sativa L.) در شرایط آب‌وهوایی گیلان

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 3، دوره 12، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 43، فروردین 1399، صفحه 37-54   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v12i1.74890

نویسندگان

کامیار سبک رو فومنی¹؛ سعید سیف زاده^{* 1}؛ فرامرز علی نیا²؛ سید علیرضا ولدآبادی¹؛ محمدرضا یزدانی²

¹دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تاکستان، ایران

²مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران

چکیده

این آزمایش با هدف بررسی اثر آبیاری تناوبی و فواصل مختلف کاشت بر سرعت رشد و شاخص‌های رشدی و میزان آب مصرفی گیاه برنج (Oryza sativa L.)، در مزرعه تحقیقاتی مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج استان گیلان در دو سال زراعی 94- 1393 و 95- 1394 به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار به‌اجرا در آمد. عامل اصلی آزمایش شامل آبیاری تناوبی دارای پنج سطح (آبیاری هر روزه به‌صورت غرقاب (به‌عنوان شاهد) و پنج، هشت، 10 و 15 روز یک‌بار) و عامل فرعی شامل چهار فاصله کاشت (20×20، 25×25، 15×30، 20×30 سانتی­متر) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر متقابل آبیاری تناوبی و فاصله کاشت بر صفات وزن خشک برگ و ساقه و CGR در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی­دار شد. هم‌چنین اثرات ساده آبیاری تناوبی و فاصله کاشت بر صفات شاخص سطح برگ و NAR در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی­دار شد. به‌طوری­که فاصله کاشت 20×20 سانتی­متر بهترین شرایط را برای گیاه برنج در شدت­های مختلف تنش­ ایجاد نمود. فاصله کاشت 25×25 سانتی­متر نیز ضعیف‌ترین شرایط را برای گیاه ایجاد نمود. در تراکم پایین، رقابت بین ردیف­ها (برون‌بوته­ای) و حتی درون‌بوته­ای تا زمان گل‌دهی و تشکیل دانه کمتر است و پس از این مرحله رقابت زیادی جهت مواد فتوسنتزی در بذر پانیکول ایجاد می‌گردد و باعث پوکی دانه می‌شود. نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق نشان داد که در بین سطوح آبیاری، آبیاری هر روزه بیشترین شاخص سطح برگ و سرعت رشد محصول را دارا بود. بر این اساس، به نظر می­رسد انتخاب تراکم مناسب راهکاری مدیریتی برای دستیابی پایدار به عملکرد اقتصادی به‌ویژه در شرایط محدودیت آب می­باشد که این امر می­تواند به‌طور ویژه­ای رشد و عملکرد برنج و میزان مصرف آب و به تبع آن کارآیی مصرف آب و بهره­وری آب را تحت تأثیر قرار دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

بهره وری آب؛ رقابت؛ کارایی مصرف آب؛ مدیریت آبیاری؛ سرعت رشد؛ فاصله کاشت؛ رشد؛ برنج

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