تأثیر منابع مختلف کود نیتروژن و بقایای گیاهی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد جو (Hordeum vulgare L.) در شرایط تنش آبی انتهای فصل

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 7، دوره 12، شماره 1، بهار 1399، صفحه 107-126  

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v12i1.79989

نویسندگان

مریم نیازی اردکانی؛ وحید براتی ؛ احسان بیژن زاده؛ علی بهپوری

دانشگاه شیراز

چکیده

به­منظور ارزیابی تأثیر منابع مختلف نیتروژن و بقایای گیاهی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد جو  (Hordeum vulgare L.)در شرایط تنش آبی آخر فصل، آزمایشی به‌صورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعه پژوهشی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی داراب – دانشگاه شیراز در سال زراعی 97- 1396 انجام شد. تیمارها شامل دو سطح آبیاری [1- مطلوب: آبیاری بر اساس نیاز آبی گیاه تا مرحله رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک و 2- تنش آبی: آبیاری بر اساس نیاز آبی گیاه تا انتهای مرحله گل‌دهی (قطع آبیاری پس از مرحله گل‌دهی)] به‌عنوان کرت­های اصلی و دو سطح بقایای گیاهی [1- حذف بقایا و 2- برگرداندن 30 درصد بقایای گندم به خاک] و چهار سطح کود [1- صفر کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار (شاهد)، 2- کاربرد 100 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار، 3- استفاده تلفیقی از باکتری آزوسپیریلوم ((Azospirillum brasilense و 50 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار و 4- تلقیح بذرها با باکتری آزوسپیریلوم] که به‌صورت فاکتوریل در کرت‌های فرعی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که قطع آبیاری پس از گل‌دهی، تنش آبی شدیدی را در مرحله­ی پر شدن دانه بر گیاه جو وارد کرد و وزن هزار دانه، تعداد دانه در سنبله و تعداد پنجه بارور در مترمربع را کاهش داد. برهم‌کنش تیمار آبیاری و منبع کود نیتروژن بر عملکرد دانه در سطح یک درصد معنی­دار بود. بیشترین عملکرد دانه در تیمار آبیاری مطلوب و استفاده تلفیقی از کود نیتروژن و باکتری (۴۰۴۹ کیلوگرم در هکتار) به‌دست آمد. اثر برهم‌کنش آبیاری × منبع کود نیتروژن نشان داد که تنش آبی عملکرد دانه را در همه سطوح کودی نسبت به آبیاری مطلوب کاهش داد. امّا، این کاهش در تیمار­های مختلف کود نیتروژن متفاوت بود (1/24، 8/46، 3/44 و 1/22 درصد، به‌ترتیب در تیمار­های شاهد، نیتروژن خالص، تلفیقی و زیستی). با توجه به این‌که کمترین مقدار کاهش عملکرد دانه به‌واسطه تنش آبی در شرایط استفاده از کود زیستی و سپس در شاهد رخ داد، می­توان این تیمار­های کودی را برای استفاده در شرایط قطع آبیاری پس از گل‌دهی توصیه کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

باکتری آزوسپیریلوم؛ تلقیح؛ شاخص ‌برداشت؛ عملکرد زیست‌توده

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