ارزیابی عملکرد و اجزای‌ عملکرد ارقام مختلف باقلا (Vicia faba L.) در کشت مخلوط با‌ تریتیکاله (Tritico secale L.)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 9، دوره 12، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 43، فروردین 1399، صفحه 143-159   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v12i1.81918

نویسندگان

سمیه سوری¹؛ رضا امیرنیا¹؛ اسماعیل رضائی چیانه^{* 1}؛ فاطمه شیخ²

¹گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ایران.

²بخش زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ارقام مختلف باقلا (Vicia faba L.) در کشت مخلوط سری جایگزینی با تریتیکاله (Tritico secale L.)، در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه در سال زراعی 97-1396 به‌اجرا درآمد. تیمارها شامل کشت مخلوط تریتیکاله + رقم هیستال باقلا، تریتیکاله + رقم شادان باقلا، تریتیکاله + رقم فیض باقلا، تریتیکاله + رقم مهتا، تریتیکاله + رقم برکت باقلا، تریتیکاله + رقم لوزدی اتونو،کشت خالص تریتیکاله و هر یک از ارقام باقلا بودند. کشت مخلوط اثر معنی‌داری بر صفات مورد مطالعه (صفات تعداد و وزن خشک گره ریشه باقلا، ارتفاع بوته، طول نیام، تعداد نیام در بوته، تعداد دانه در نیام، وزن 100 دانه و عملکرد دانه و بیولوژیک در باقلا و در تریتیکاله صفات ارتفاع بوته، طول سنبله، تعداد سنبله در بوته، تعداد سنبلچه در سنبله، تعداد دانه در سنبله، وزن 1000 دانه، عملکرد دانه و بیولوژیک) دو گیاه باقلا و تریتیکاله داشتند. تراکم بهینه دو گیاه در کشت خالص برای باقلا 20 بوته و برای تریتیکاله 400 بوته در مترمربع در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج در مورد گیاه تریتیکاله نشان داد که بیشترین عملکرد دانه (4/7035 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و عملکرد بیولوژیک (22874 کیلوگرم در هکتار) به‌ترتیب در کشت مخلوط تریتیکاله + رقم فیض و تریتیکاله+ رقم لوزدی ‌اتونو مشاهده شد. بیشترین عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک باقلا به‌ترتیب با میانگین 9/3554 و 5/8356 کیلوگرم در هکتار به رقم شادان در کشت مخلوط با تریتیکاله تعلق داشت. بیشترین تعداد گره و وزن خشک گره ریشه باقلا (به‌ترتیب با 4/203 عدد گره و 1/1 گرم) از رقم شادان در کشت مخلوط با تریتیکاله و کمترین آن به‌ترتیب با 3/117 گره و 4/0 گرم از کشت خالص رقم شادان باقلا به‌دست آمد. نسبت برابری زمین (LER) در تمامی تیمارهای کشت مخلوط بیشتر از یک بود و بالاترین میزان برای تیمارهای کشت مخلوط تریتیکاله با هر یک از ارقام فیض، هیستال و شادان به‌دست آمد که می‌تواند برای کشت مخلوط با تریتیکاله توصیه شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تعداد گره ریزوبیومی؛ عملکرد‌ دانه؛ کشاورزی پایدار؛ کلروفیل؛ نسبت برابری زمین

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