تأثیر کاربرد کودهای اسید فولویک و اسید آمینه بر ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیکی، رشدی و عملکرد گشنیز (Coriandrum sativum L.)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 2، دوره 12، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 45، مهر 1399، صفحه 373-388   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v12i374672

نویسندگان

محمدحسین امینی فرد^* ؛ مژگان غلامی؛ حسن بیات؛ فرید مرادی نژاد

گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

چکیده

گیاه دارویی گشنیز(Coriandrum sativum L.)  یکی از منابع بسیار ارزشمند در گستره وسیع منابع طبیعی ایران است که در صورت شناخت صحیح می‌تواند نقش مهمی در اشتغال‌زایی و صادرات غیرنفتی داشته باشد. در نظام کشاورزی پایدار، مصرف نهاده‌های آلی و زیستی به‌منظور دستیابی به افزایش کیفیت محصول، حفظ محیط زیست و سلامت جامعه از اهمیت زیادی برخوردار می‌باشد. لذا به‌منظور بررسی اثرات اسید فولویک و اسید آمینه بر صفات رویشی و زایشی گشنیز، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی اجرا شد. فاکتورها شامل اسید فولویک در سه سطح (صفر، 5 و 10 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و محلول‌پاشی اسید آمینه در دو سطح (صفر و سه در هزار) با سه تکرار بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اسید فولویک اثر معنی‏داری بر صفات رویشی (ارتفاع، وزن تر و خشک بوته، تعداد شاخه فرعی، تعداد برگ و وزن خشک برگ) داشت، به‏طوری‌که بیشترین وزن تر و خشک بوته (به‌ترتیب، 9/49 و 3/7 گرم در بوته) در نتیجه اعمال تیمار 10 کیلوگرم در هکتار اسید فولویک به‌دست آمد، همچنین نتایج، نشان‌دهنده تأثیر معنی‏دار اسید فولویک بر صفات زایشی (عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بوته، شاخص برداشت و تعداد بذر) بود، به‌طوری‌که بالاترین عملکرد دانه (5/942 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در سطح 10 کیلوگرم در هکتار اسید فولویک تولید شد و کمترین مقدار (0/710 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در شاهد مشاهده شد. اسید آمینه نیز بر صفات رویشی (تعداد برگ و وزن تر و خشک برگ) و صفات زایشی (عملکرد دانه، تعداد بذر و وزن هزاردانه) تأثیرگذار بود، به‌طوری‌که بیشترین تعداد برگ (0/27 تعداد در بوته) و عملکرد دانه (3/873 کیلوگرم در هکتار) با کاربرد سه در هزار اسید آمینه حاصل شد. نتایج اثرات متقابل نیز نشان داد، که سطوح مختلف اسید فولویک و اسید آمینه تأثیر معنی‏داری بر صفات (عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بوته، تعداد بذر در بوته و وزن هزار دانه) داشتند، به‌طوری‌که بیشترین میزان عملکرد دانه و تعداد بذر در بوته ( به‌ترتیب با 0/985 کیلوگرم در هکتار و 6/204 تعداد در بوته) از تیمار پنج کیلوگرم اسید فولویک و سه در هزار اسید آمینه به‌دست آمدند. بر اساس این نتایج، می‌توان تیمار پنج کیلوگرم در هکتار اسید فولویک و سه در هزار اسید آمینه را در افزایش ویژگی‏های عملکردی و رشدی گشنیز در این آزمایش مؤثر دانست.

کلیدواژه‌ها

رشد؛ عملکرد بیولوژیکی؛ تعداد بذر؛ شاخص برداشت؛ گیاه دارویی

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