تأثیر تاریخ کاشت و تراکم بوته بر شاخص‌های فیزیولوژیک رشد، صفات کمی و کیفی دو رقم همیشه بهار (Calendula officinalis L.) در شرایط اراک

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 4، دوره 14، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 41، فروردین 1395، صفحه 86-99   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/gsc.v14i1.34109

نویسندگان

علی سپهری^{* 1}؛ تهمینه مهران راد²؛ افشین کرمی¹

¹دانشگاه بوعلی سینا

²بوعلی سینا

چکیده

به منظور تعیین تاریخ کاشت و تراکم مناسب گیاه همیشه بهار، آزمایشی به‌صورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل در 3 تکرار، در مزرعه آزمایشی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی اراک اجرا شد. عوامل مورد بررسی شامل دو تاریخ کاشت (دوم و دوازدهم اردیبهشت)، چهار تراکم بوته (26، 32، 41 و 57 بوته در متر مربع) و دو رقم (کم پر و پرپر) بودند. براساس نتایج آزمایش تیمارهای مورد بررسی اثر معنی‌داری بر شاخص‌های فیزیولوژیکی رشد، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد گل، وزن هزار دانه، کلروفیل، درصد روغن و اسانس گیاه همیشه بهار داشت. تأخیر در کشت و کاهش تراکم بوته موجب کاهش شاخص سطح برگ و وزن خشک کل گردید. همچنین رقم پرپر نسبت به رقم کم پر از شاخص‌های رشدی بالاتری برخوردار بود. کشت زودتر، تراکم بالاتر و استفاده از رقم پُرپر موجب بهبود صفات مورد بررسی گردید. تراکم 57 بوته در متر مربع در تاریخ کاشت اول و دوم به‌ترتیب ارتفاع بوته را 1/25 و 4/34 درصد نسبت به تراکم 26 بوته افزایش داد. همچنین تأخیر در کشت موجب کاهش صفات مورد بررسی شد. در همین رابطه تاریخ کشت دوم نسبت به تاریخ کشت اول شاخص کلروفیل را در تراکم 57 بوته 4/18 درصد کاهش داد. رقم پرپر در تراکم‌های 57، 41، 32 و 26 بوته درصد اسانس را به‌ترتیب 8/9، 6/8، 3/5 و 1/9 درصد نسبت به رقم کم پر افزایش داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اسانس روغنی؛ تعداد گل؛ شاخص رشد؛ کلروفیل

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