تأثیر ورمی‌کمپوست بر خصوصیات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی، بیوشیمیایی و عملکرد مرزه (Satureja hortensis L.) تحت رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 9، دوره 12، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 45، مهر 1399، صفحه 507-522   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v12i3.79634

نویسندگان

امید حیدرپور¹؛ بهروز اسماعیل پور^{* 2}؛ علی اشرف سلطانی³؛ سرور خرم دل⁴

¹گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، ایران.

²گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، ایران

³گروه خاک‌شناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، ایران

⁴گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران.

چکیده

تنش خشکی مهم‌ترین عامل محدودکننده در تولید محصولات کشاورزی، به‌ویژه در مناطق خشک و نیمه­خشک جهان است. به‌منظور بررسی اثر سطوح مختلف ورمی­کمپوست بر خصوصیات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی، بیوشیمیایی و عملکرد گیاه دارویی مرزه (Satureja hortensis L.) تحت تنش خشکی، آزمایش مزرعه­ای به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی در سال زراعی 96-1395 انجام شد. تیمار­های آزمایشی شامل سه رژیم آبیاری (:S1 آبیاری کامل (100 درصد)، :S2 قطع آبیاری در 50 درصد گل‌دهی و :S3 قطع آبیاری در اوایل گل‌دهی و ورمی­کمپوست در چهار سطح (صفر، 1، 5/1 و 2 تن در هکتار) بودند. صفات مورد بررسی شامل ارتفاع گیاه، وزن خشک ساقه، تعداد شاخه جانبی، محتوای نسبی آب برگ، نشت یونی، کلروفیل فلورسانس، کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، کلروفیل کل، کاروتنوئید، پرولین، پروتئین، آنزیم‌های کاتالاز و پراکسیداز بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر متقابل تنش خشکی و ورمی­کمپوست بر صفاتی از قبیل ارتفاع بوته، وزن خشک ساقه، محتوای نسبی آب برگ، کلروفیل فلورسانس، کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، کاروتنوئید، میزان نشت یونی و پرولین در سطح احتمال پنج درصد معنی­دار بود، ولی اثر متقابل تنش خشکی و ورمی­کمپوست بر صفاتی مانند تعداد شاخه جانبی، آنزیم پراکسیداز، آنزیم کاتالاز، پروتئین و کلروفیل­کل معنی­دار نبود. با افزایش مقدار ورمی­کمپوست شاخص‌های مورفوفیزیولوژیک از قبیل ارتفاع گیاه، وزن خشک ساقه، تعداد شاخه جانبی، محتوای نسبی آب برگ، کلروفیل فلورسانس، کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، کلروفیل کل، کاروتنوئید و پروتئین افزایش یافت و مقدار نشت یونی، کاتالاز، پراکسیداز و پرولین در شرایط تنش خشکی کاهش یافت. بر اساس نتایج می­توان بیان کرد که مصرف ورمی­کمپوست به‌میزان دو تن در هکتار می­تواند باعث تولید پایدار و بهبود رشد و عملکرد گیاه دارویی مرزه در شرایط تنش خشکی شدید مد نظر قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پرولین؛ کاتالاز؛ کلروفیل a؛ گیاه دارویی؛ نشت یونی

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