ارزیابی تأثیر مدیریت آبیاری تناوبی بر شاخص‌های فیزیوژیکی رشد و میزان آب مصرفی چهار رقم برنج (Oryza sativa L.) در استان گیلان

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 3، دوره 12، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 46، دی 1399، صفحه 595-612   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/agry.2020.37569

نویسندگان

هورام اصغری لالمی¹؛ سید علیرضا ولدآبادی^{* 2}؛ محمدرضا یزدانی³؛ حمید رضا ذاکرین⁴؛ مهرزاد الله قلی پور³

¹دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تاکستان، ایران.

²دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تاکستان

³مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران

⁴دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی واحد تاکستان، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر آبیاری تناوبی بر سرعت رشد و خصوصیات گیاهی چهار رقم برنج (Oryza sativa L.)، آزمایشی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج استان گیلان در دو سال زراعی 94-1393 و 95-1394 به‌صورت آزمایش اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار و 20 تیمار به ‌اجرا در آمد. عامل اصلی پنج سطح آبیاری تناوبی (آبیاری روزانه به‌صورت غرقاب (شاهد)، 5، 8، 10 و 15 روز یک بار) و چهار رقم برنج هاشمی، خزر، گیلانه و 8431 به‌عنوان عامل فرعی مد نظر قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر متقابل آبیاری و رقم بر صفات وزن خشک برگ و ساقه، LDW، TDW و NAR در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی­دار شدند. همچنین شاخص سطح برگ و LWR در فاکتور آبیاری در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی­دار شدند. در مقایسه سطوح مختلف آبیاری، آبیاری روزانه رشد بهتری نسبت به سایر روش­های آبیاری داشت. در شرایط بدون تنش (آبیاری روزانه) رقم 8431 دارای بیشترین رشد و رقم هاشمی کمترین رشد را دارا بود. در شرایط تنش متوسط (آبیاری 5 و 8 روزه) رقم 8431 مقاومت بیشتری به تنش داشت و بهترین شرایط را داشت و رقم هاشمی ضعیف­ترین بود. در شرایط تنش زیاد (آبیاری 10 و 15 روزه) رقم خزر بیشترین مقاومت را به کمبود آب داشت و رقم گیلانه از این نظر ضعیف­ترین رقم بود. بدین ترتیب، از آن‌جا که لزوم برنامه­ریزی دقیق برای استفاده بهینه و پایدار از منابع آبی موجود ضروری است، پییشنهاد می­شود انتخاب روش­های مناسب مدیریتی همچون آبیاری و کاشت ارقام با عملکرد بالا را برای دستیابی به عملکرد دانه پایدار و تأمین امنیت غذایی به‌ویژه در شرایط محدودیت آب مدنظر قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

امنیت غذایی؛ عملکرد پایدار؛ محدودیت آب

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