بررسی عملکرد علوفه و جذب عناصر غذایی در کشت مخلوط جو (Hordeum vulgare L.) و خلر (Lathyrus sativus L.) تحت تأثیر هم‌زیستی با قارچ Glomus intraradices

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 7، دوره 12، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 46، دی 1399، صفحه 663-683   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/agry.2020.37589

نویسندگان

محمد حقانی نیا¹؛ عبدالله جوانمرد^{* 1}؛ سارا ملاعلی عباسیان²

¹گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه، ایران.

²گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه، ایران

چکیده

به­منظور بررسی عملکرد علوفه و میزان جذب برخی عناصر غذایی در کشت مخلوط جو (Hordeum vulgare L.)- خلر (Lathyrus sativus L.) با کاربرد قارچ Glomus intraradices، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 10 تیمار و سه تکرار در دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه مراغه در سال 1396 اجرا شد. فاکتور اول شامل الگوهای مختلف کشت (کشت خالص جو، کشت خالص خلر، 75 درصد خلر+ 25 درصد جو، 50 درصد خلر+50 درصد جو، 25 درصد خلر+ 75 درصد جو) و فاکتور دوم شامل تلقیح و عدم تلقیح با قارچGlomus intraradicesبودند. تراکم بهینه برای جو و خلر به‌ترتیب 300 و 250 بوته در مترمربع در نظر گرفته شد. در مرحله برداشت، عملکرد علوفه هر یک از گیاهان، عملکرد علوفه کل و میزان عناصر نیتروژن، فسفر، پتاسیم، آهن، روی، منگنز، منیزیم و کلسیم علوفه اندازه­گیری شدند. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد بیشترین عملکرد علوفه خشک جو (3/483 گرم در مترمربع) به کشت خالص جو هم‌زیست شده با قارچ میکوریزا تعلق داشت که نسبت به کشت خالص جو تلقیح نشده 48/47 درصد افزایش نشان داد. همچنین بیشترین عملکرد علوفه خلر در کشت‌های خالص خلر تلقیح شده (5/637 گرم در مترمربع) و تلقیح نشده (2/629 گرم در مترمربع) حاصل شد و بعد از آن الگوی تلقیح شده 75 درصد خلر+ 25 درصد جو (4/508 گرم در مترمربع) واقع شد. بیشترین و کمترین میزان عناصر ماکرو و میکرو به­ترتیب در کشت خالص خلر با کاربرد قارچ میکوریزا و کشت خالص جو تلقیح نشده با قارچ میکوریزا به‌دست آمد. همچنین در بین الگوهای مختلف کشت ­مخلوط، بیشترین میزان جذب عناصر غذایی به تیمار 75 درصد خلر+ 25 درصد جو تلقیح شده با قارچ میکوریزا مربوط بود. به‌طوری‌که، میزان جذب عناصر نیتروژن، فسفر، پتاسیم، آهن، روی، منگنز، منیزیم و کلسیم در 75 درصد خلر+ 25 درصد جو با کاربرد قارچ میکوریزا نسبت به کشت خالص جو تلقیح نشده به­ترتیب 61/241، 90/193، 48/132، 47/126، 25/99، 27/128، 52/292 و 99/250 درصد بیشتر بود. بنابراین، با توجه به نتایج به‌دست آمده، کشت مخلوط 75 درصد خلر+ 25 درصد جو تلقیح شده با قارچ میکوریزا منجر به بهبود جذب عناصر غذایی و افزایش کیفیت علوفه حاصل نسبت به کشت خالص جو گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

الگوی‌کشت؛ پایدار؛ فسفر؛ کشاورزی کود ‌‌زیستی؛ نیتروژن

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