تأثیر غلظت مصرف کائولین و مراحل فنولوژیکی گیاه بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و جمعیت شته کلزا (Brevicoryne brassicae L.) به همراه دشمنان طبیعی آن

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 10، دوره 12، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 46، دی 1399، صفحه 723-740   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v12i4.84982

نویسندگان

مریم معرفی^{* 1}؛ ثمین صدیق²؛ علی همراهی³

¹گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران.

²گروه گیاهپزشکی، واحد ورامین- پیشوا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ورامین، ایران.

³گروه گیاهپزشکی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.

چکیده

کلزا (Brevicoryne brassicae L.) یکی از مهم‌ترین گیاهان دانه روغنی است که به‌دلیل سازگاری با شرایط اقلیمی ایران کشت آن بسیار مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. در این تحقیق تأثیر غلظت­های مختلف کائولین در مراحل مختلف رشدی گیاه کلزا بر تغییرات جمعیتی شته Brevicoryne brassicae، دشمنان طبیعی غالب آن و همچنین عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گیاه کلزا مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. آزمایش در مزرعه­ای واقع در ماهدشت کرج در سال زراعی 1397-1396 روی رقم Hyola 401 کلزا به­صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح پایه بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار انجام شد. فاکتور­های آزمایش شامل غلظت­های کائولین (صفر، 3، 6 و 9 درصد) و مراحل فنولوژیک کلزا (سبز شدن، رزت، غنچه­دهی و گل­دهی) در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج این بررسی نشان داد که استفاده از غلظت 6 درصد کائولین در مرحله رزت کلزا باعث افزایش عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک به‌ترتیب با میانگین 87/1888 و 3038 کیلوگرم در هکتار و در مرحله غنچه­دهی باعث افزایش شاخص برداشت با متوسط 77/66 درصد می­شود. همچنین بیش­ترین میزان وزن هزار دانه در صورت استفاده از کائولین سه درصد در مرحله رزت با متوسط 95/4 گرم به­دست آمد. غلظت کائولین و مراحل مختلف فنولوژیکی گیاه بر روی جمعیت شته افزایش معنی­داری داشت، به­طوری­که کم­ترین میزان آن در مرحله سبز شدن در غلظت نه درصد با میانگین 33/31 شته بود. همچنین نتایج بررسی روی دشمنان طبیعی غالب این آفت نشان داد که افزایش غلظت کائولین باعث کاهش کفشدوزک­هایCoccinella septempunctata L.  و Hippodamia variegata Goeze و لارو بالتوری Chrysoperla carnea Stephens می­شود که کم­ترین میزان آن‌ها در غلظت 9 درصد و مرحله گل­دهی به‌ترتیب 5/0، 5/1 و 0 بوده است

کلیدواژه‌ها

بالتوری سبز؛ شاخص برداشت؛ عملکرد دانه؛ کفشدوزک هفت نقطه؛ Hippodamia variegata

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