ارزیابی عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و شاخص‌های رشدی پنبه (Gossypium hirsutum L.) و ذرت (Zea mays L.) در سیستم کشت مخلوط جایگزینی در شرایط آب‌و‌هوایی گناباد

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 1، دوره 13، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 49، مهر 1400، صفحه 363-378   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v12i4.70183

نویسندگان

محمد دادمند¹؛ علیرضا کوچکی^{* 1}؛ مهدی نصیری محلاتی²؛ محمد رضا رمضانی مقدم³

¹گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران.

²گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران

³مرکز آموزش و تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، ایران.

چکیده

به‌منظور ارزیابی اثر کشت مخلوط جایگزینی بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و شاخص­های رشدی دو گیاه پنبه (Gossypium hirsutum L.) و ذرت (Zea mays L.)، آزمایشی در مزرعه ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گناباد، در قالب طرح پایه بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در دو سال زراعی 94-1393 و 95-1394 اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل سه الگوی مخلوط جایگزینی (یک ردیف ذرت و یک ردیف پنبه (1:1)، یک ردیف ذرت و دو ردیف پنبه (1:2)، یک ردیف ذرت و سه ردیف پنبه (1:3)) و کشت خالص دو گیاه بود. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل ارتفاع بوته، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد علوفه و نسبت برابری زمین برای ذرت و ارتفاع گیاه، تعداد شاخه زایشی و رویشی، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد وش و نسبت برابری زمین بود. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین تعداد شاخه زایا، تعداد شاخه رویا، عملکرد وش، تجمع ماده خشک و شاخص سطح برگ در واحد سطح پنبه برای تیمار دو ردیف پنبه + یک ردیف ذرت شد. بالاترین عملکرد وش برای کشت خالص پنبه در سال­های اول و دوم به‌ترتیب با 7/1878 و 1/1764 کیلوگرم در هکتار به‌دست آمد و کمترین میزان به تیمار یک ردیف پنبه+ یک ردیف ذرت اختصاص داشت که در مقایسه با کشت خالص به‌ترتیب 84 و 77 درصد در سال­های اول و دوم کاهش داشت. بیشترین شاخص سطح برگ پنبه در 60 روز پس از سبز شدن در کشت مخلوط دو ردیف پنبه و یک ردیف ذرت در سال­های اول و دوم به‌ترتیب با 96/1 و 63/1 مشاهده شد. در مورد ذرت نیز در سال­های اول و دوم بالاترین عملکرد علوفه خشک در کشت خالص به­ترتیب با 8/5489 و 5639 تن در هکتار و کمترین مقدار به­ترتیب در الگوهای یک ردیف ذرت + دو ردیف پنبه با 1/1894 و 9/2196 تن در هکتار مشاهده شد. بیشترین شاخص سطح برگ ذرت به­ترتیب با 73/2 و17/3 در سال­های اول و دو آزمایش مربوط به تیمار سه ردیف پنبه + یک ردیف ذرت بود. در بین تیمارهای کشت مخلوط در ذرت بالاترین نسبت برابری زمین به­ترتیب با 60/0 و 58/0 مربوط به الگوی 1 ردیف ذرت و 3 ردیف پنبه و برای پنبه نیز در همین الگوی کشت در سال­های اول و دوم آزمایش به­ترتیب با 59/0 و 58/0 مشاهده شد. نتایج این بررسی نشان داد که می­توان از کشت مخلوط ذرت و پنبه به‌عنوان یک راهکار مدیریتی پایدار برای بهبود عملکرد دو گیاه ذرت و پنبه استفاده نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

شاخه رویا؛ شاخه زایا؛ عملکرد علوفه؛ عملکرد وش

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