اثرات اسانس برخی از گیاهان دارویی به روش تدخینی بر جوانه‌زنی بذر و رشد گیاهچه کاهو به عنوان شاخص

حفاظت گیاهان

مقاله 11، دوره 33، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 46، زمستان 1398، صفحه 475-491  

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jpp.v33i4.83112

نویسندگان

سمیه میرمصطفائی¹؛ مجید عزیزی ¹؛ یاشیهارو فوجی²

¹دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

²دانشگاه کشاورزی و تکنولوژی توکیو

چکیده

امروزه تلاش جهانی درکشاورزی نوین به سمت کاهش هرچه بیشتر استفاده از سموم مضر و معرفی روش‌های جدید برای کنترل علف‌های هرز می‌باشد که یکی از این روش‌ها استفاده از خاصیت آللوپاتی است. این مقاله به منظور شناسایی گونه‌های جدید آللوپات و ترکیبات بازدارنده موجود در آنها بصورت تدخینی انجام شده‌ است. این پژوهش در قالب دو آزمایش مجزا اجرا شد و از گیاه کاهو بعنوان مدل استفاده شد. اثر 112 اسانس گیاهی در دو غلظت 1 و 3 میکرولیتر در ویال بصورت تدخینی بصورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با 4 تکرار بر جوانه‌زنی و رشد گیاهچه کاهو بررسی شد. صفات مرتبط با جوانه‌زنی (درصد و متوسط زمان جوانه‌زنی، درصد ایجاد رکود در بذر و درصد مرگ جنین) و رشد گیاهچه (رشد هیپوکوتیل، ریشه‌چه، و شاخص قدرت گیاهچه) بررسی شدند. نتایج بیانگر اثرات معنی‌دار بازدارنده اسانس‌ها حتی در غلظت 1 میکرولیتر بر صفات مورد بررسی بود. بطوری‌که اسانس شمعدانی‌معطر، انیسون و آویشن‌دنایی بیشترین اثر بازدارندگی بر جوانه‌زنی (100%)؛ اسانس‌ هل‌سیاه، درمنه‌دشتی، بادرشبی و آویشن‌خزری بیشترین تأثیر ایجاد تأخیر در جوانه‌زنی (بیش از 224%)؛ اسانس کاکوتی، زنیان و شمعدانی معطر بیشترین اثر در ایجاد رکود بذر (بیش از 22%)؛ و اسانس انیسون و آویشن‌دنایی بیشترین درصد مرگ جنین (100%) را داشتند. اسانس انیسون، پونه‌کوهی، برازمبل و آویشن‌دنایی بیشترین بازدارندگی رشد گیاهچه (بیش از 94%) را موجب شدند. نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش می‌تواند موجب شناسایی ترکیبات جدید آللوپات شود که می‌توانند کاربردهای مختلف داشته ‌باشند، از جمله در تولید علف‌کش‌های طبیعی استفاده شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ترکیبات فرار؛ دگرآسیبی؛ سوآب پنبه‌ای؛ گیاهان دارویی؛ فیتوتوکسیسیتی

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