بررسی امکان ذخیره‏سازی شفیره‏ها و حشرات کامل زنبور پارازیتویید Bracon hebetor Say در سرما

پژوهش های حفاظت گیاهان ایران

مقاله 3، دوره 34، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 47، فروردین 1399، صفحه 33-46   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jpp.v34i1.81841

نویسندگان

علی افشاری^{* 1}؛ الهام حمزه پور چناری²؛ علی ایرجی¹

¹دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

²علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

چکیده

ذخیره‏سازی در دمای پایین یکی از مراحل مهم پرورش انبوه زنبور پارازیتویید Say Bracon hebetor در انسکتاریوم‏ها به شمار می‏رود. در این پژوهش، شفیره‏های 5 روزه‏ و حشرات کامل یک‏روزه‏ی این زنبور برای مدت‏زمان‏های مختلف شامل صفر (شاهد)، 7، 14، 21، 30، 45 و 60 روز در شرایط یخچال (دمای پنج درجه‏ی سلسیوس و تاریکی مطلق) ذخیره و تأثیر سرما بر پارامترهای مختلف زیستی و تولیدمثلی زنبور ارزیابی شد. در ذخیره‏سازی‏های 30 روزه و بیش‏تر از آن، صد درصد شفیره‏ها مردند در حالی‌که پس از یک هفته ذخیره‏سازی، نزدیک به 93 درصد شفیره‏ها به حشره­ی کامل تبدیل شدند که با شاهد اختلاف معنی‏داری نداشت. با این وجود، ذخیره‏سازی شفیره‏ها در سرما حتی به مدت یک هفته باعث کاهش چشمگیر طول عمر (8/55 درصد) و باروری (4/53 درصد) زنبورهای خارج شده نسبت به شاهد گردید. ذخیره‏سازی حشرات کامل زنبور در یخچال متناسب با مدت‏زمان ذخیره‏سازی، بر زنده‏مانی آن­ها تأثیر منفی گذاشت. بیش‏ترین تلفات زنبورهای ماده (97 درصد) پس از 60 روز ذخیره‏سازی مشاهده گردید در حالی‌که در ذخیره‏سازی‏‏های یک و دو هفته‏ای به‌ترتیب 42/4 و 12/9 درصد زنبورهای ماده دچار تلفات شدند. برخلاف شفیره‏ها، ذخیره‏سازی زنبورهای ماده در یخچال بر طول عمر و میزان تخمگذاری افراد زنده‏مانده تأثیر منفی نداشت. بر اساس نتایج این پژوهش، ذخیره‏سازی شفیره‏های زنبور B. hebetor حتی به مدت یک هفته در یخچال توصیه نمی‏شود اما زنبورهای ماده‏ را به مدت یک هفته می‏توان در یخچال ذخیره نمود. نتایج این مطالعه در پرورش انبوه و ذخیره‏سازی این زنبور پارازیتویید در انسکتاریوم‏ها می‏توانند مورد استفاده قرار گیرند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ذخیره سازی در سرما؛ زنبور B. hebetor؛ کنترل بیولوژیک

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