ارزیابی عملکرد و کیفیت علوفه در کشت مخلوط لوبیا تپاری (Phaseolus acutifolus L. Gray) و دو رقم ارزن

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 7، دوره 13، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 48، تیر 1400، صفحه 291-305   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v13i2.83847

نویسندگان

سمیه بدخشان¹؛ مهدیه امیری نژاد²؛ عنایت اله توحیدی نژاد³؛ بهاره پارسا مطلق^{* 4}

¹گروه اگرواکولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه جیرفت، جیرفت، ایران

²گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه جیرفت، جیرفت، ایران

³گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، ایران

⁴گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه جیرفت، ایران.

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی عملکرد کمّی و کیفی علوفه در کشت مخلوط لوبیا تپاری (Phaseolus acutifolus L. Gray) و دو رقم ارزن باستان (cv. Bastan) و ارزن پیشاهنگ (cv. Pishahang)، آزمایشی بر پایه طرح بلوک­های‌ کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه نمونه در منطقه جیرفت، در سال زراعی 95- 1394 اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل ترکیب گیاه لوبیا تپاری با دو رقم ارزن پیشاهنگ و ارزن باستان و نسبت­‌های اختلاط کشت مخلوط جایگزینی به نسبت­های 75 : 25، 50 : 50 ، 25 : 75 لوبیا تپاری- ارزن باستان، کشت خالص لوبیا تپاری، کشت خالص ارزن باستان، کشت خالص ارزن پیشاهنگ و همین نسبت‌های اختلاط لوبیا تپاری با ارزن پیشاهنگ و با تراکم 20 بوته در مترمربع، بودند. صفات عملکرد کل علوفه خشک، عملکرد علوفه کل تر، درصد خاکستر، قابلیت هضم ماده خشک، کربوهیدرات­های محلول در آب، درصد عناصر کلسیم، منیزیم، سدیم و پتاسم مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان­ داد بیشترین عملکرد کل علوفه تر (24600 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و عملکرد کل علوفه خشک (با 4500 کبلوگرم در هکتار) از تیمار 50:50 لوبیا تپاری- ارزن باستان به‌دست آمد. هرچند بهترین صفات مورد بررسی از نظر کیفیت علوفه، در نسبت­های مختلف اختلاط حاصل شد، امّا برتری کشت مخلوط این گیاهان، نسبت به سیستم تک‌­کشتی آن‌ها مشاهده شد، به‌طوری­که بیشترین درصد خاکستر، قابلیت هضم علوفه، کربوهیدرات­های محلول در آب و میزان عناصر سدیم، پتاسیم، کلسیم و منیزیم از تیمارهای مخلوط، حاصل شد. بالاترین میزان عملکرد نسبی کل براساس عملکرد کل علوفه تر و خشک نیز از تیمار50:50 لوبیا تپاری- ارزن به‌ترتیب با میزان 27/2 و 16/2، به‌دست آمد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

خاکستر؛ عملکرد نسبی کل؛ قابلیت هضم ماده خشک؛ کربوهیدرات محلول در آب

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