اثر تنش شوری بر صفات فیزیولوژیک و فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانت نخود (Cicer arietinum L.) رقم آزاد

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 4، دوره 14، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 43، مهر 1395، صفحه 470-483   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/gsc.v14i3.44391

نویسندگان

غلامرضا دره کی^{* 1}؛ غلامرضا زمانی²؛ محمدحسن سیاری²

¹دانشگاه بیرجند

²بیرجند

چکیده

شوری یکی از مهم‌ترین تنش‌های غیر‌زنده‌ای است که باعث کاهش قابلیت تولید محصول و کاهش بهره‌وری گیاه در خاک‌های مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک می‌شود. در گیاهان زراعی، شوری ضمن تأثیر منفی بر عملکرد و اجزاء عملکرد، بسیاری فرآیندهای دخیل در رشد‌و‌نمو گیاهان را تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهد. این تحقیق با هدف مطالعه صفات فیزیولوژیک، فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانت و عملکرد نخود رقم آزاد تحت تأثیر سطوح مختلف شوری، در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند در سال 1392 در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای شوری خاک شامل 1، 3، 5، 7 و 9‌دسی‌زیمنس بر متر بود. نتایج تجزیه واریانس داده‌های این آزمایش نشان‌داد که سطوح مختلف شوری اثر معنی‌داری بر کلیه صفات اندازه‌گیری شده داشت. بر اساس نتایج این آزمایش شوری باعث افزایش اندکی در شاخص SPAD نخود شده و اثر منفی بر محتوای نسبی آب برگ، نشت الکترولیت‌ها و عملکرد دانه داشت. به‌طور‌ی‌که بیش‌ترین سطح شوری این آزمایش موجب کاهش 7/17‌درصدی RWC، افزایش 75/27‌درصدی نشت الکترولیت‌ها و کاهش 83/59‌درصدی عملکرد دانه در بوته نسبت به شاهد شد. هم‌چنین شوری باعث افزایش فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانت نخود شد. نتایج نشان‌داد افزایش شوری از یک به هفت‌دسی‌زیمنس بر متر موجب افزایش 79/63‌درصدی فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز (CAT) شد و در شوری 9‌دسی‌زیمنس بر متر فعالیت کاتالاز کاهش یافت. فعالیت آنزیم سوپراُکسید‌دیسموتاز (SOD) تا شوری پنج ‌دسی‌زیمنس بر متر به مقدار 22/57‌درصد افزایش یافت، در شوری هفت دسی‌زیمنس بر متر بدون تغییر ماند. در شوری 9‌دسی‌زیمنس بر متر کاهش یافت. هم‌چنین بیش‌ترین سطح شوری باعث افزایش 95/75‌درصدی فعالیت آنزیم آسکوربات‌پِراُکسیداز (APX) نسبت به شاهد شد. بیش‌ترین اثرات کاهنده شوری بر صفات اندازه‌گیری شده نخود در این آزمایش در محدوده شوری dSm-1‌7 مشاهده شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

شاخص کلروفیل؛ شوری خاک؛ کاتالاز؛ محتوای نسبی آب برگ؛ نشت الکترولیت‌ها

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