اثر سطوح آبیاری و حاصلخیزکننده‌های خاک بر اجزای عملکرد و عملکرد دانه و موسیلاژ گیاه دارویی بالنگوی شهری (Lallemantia royleana Benth.) در شرایط آب‌و‌هوایی تربت جام

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 10، دوره 13، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 48، تیر 1400، صفحه 345-361   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v13i2.86263

نویسندگان

هدی جهانگیری¹؛ عبداله ملافیلابی^{* 2}؛ هاشم حسینی³

¹گروه علوم باغبانی، واحد تربت جام، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تربت جام، ایران

²گروه زیست فناوری مواد غذایی، مؤسسه پژوهشی علوم و صنایع غذایی، مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

³گروه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، واحد تربت جام، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تربت جام، ایران.

چکیده

بالنگوی شهری با نام علمی (Lallemantia royleana Benth.)، گیاهی دارویی از خانواده نعناعیان است که علاوه‌بر مصارف دارویی، کاربردهای فراوانی در صنایع غذایی و بهداشتی دارد. این آزمایش با هدف بررسی اثر سطوح آبیاری و کودهای آلی بر عملکرد دانه و برخی ویژگی‌های کیفی دانه بالنگوی شهری به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات بر پایه طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی تربت جام در سال زراعی 98-1397 انجام شد. عامل کرت اصلی چهار سطح آبیاری با استفاده از تشتک تبخیر (35 (به‌عنوان شاهد)، 53، 71 و 89 میلی­متر) و عامل کرت فرعی، چهار نوع حاصلخیزکننده­ خاک برابر با 10 تن در هکتار (بدون مصرف کود (شاهد)، کود دامی از نوع گاوی پوسیده، کمپوست قارچ و کمپوست زباله شهری) بود. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل ارتفاع بوته، طول ریشه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، تعداد دانه در بوته، وزن هزار دانه و عملکرد دانه در بوته، درصد موسیلاژ، فاکتور تورم (میلی‌متر) و عملکرد موسیلاژ بود. نتایج نشان داد که اثر سطوح آبیاری و مصرف حاصلخیزکننده­های خاک تأثیر معنی­داری بر صفات کمّی و کیفی گیاه بالنگوی شهری داشت. بیشترین و کمترین عملکرد دانه بر اساس سطوح آبیاری به‌ترتیب مربوط به تبخیر روزانه 35 میلی­متر (20/2 گرم در بوته) و 89 میلی­متر (45/1 گرم در بوته) بود. در مقایسه حاصلخیزکننده­های خاک بیشترین و کمترین مقدار عملکرد دانه به‌ترتیب مربوط به مصرف کود گاوی (35/2 گرم در بوته) و شاهد (33/1 گرم در بوته) بود. همچنین بیشترین عملکرد موسیلاژ (72/33 گرم بر مترمربع) از تیمار تبخیر روزانه 35 میلی­متر و مصرف کود گاوی و کمترین مقدار (26/15 گرم بر مترمربع) از تیمار تبخیر روزانه 89 میلی­متر و بدون مصرف کود به‌دست آمد. بالاتر بودن عملکرد موسیلاژ در تیمار تبخیر روزانه 35 میلی­متر و مصرف کود گاوی مربوط به عملکرد دانه بالاتر در این تیمار می­باشد. بر اساس نتایج این مطالعه به‌منظور به‌دست آوردن حداکثر عملکرد کمّی و کیفی در گیاه بالنگوی شهری در شرایط آب‌وهوایی تربت جام، سطح آبیاری بر اساس تبخیر روزانه 35 میلی­متر همراه با مصرف کود گاوی توصیه می­گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

فاکتور تورم؛ کشاورزی پایدار؛ کود گاوی؛ محتوی موسیلاژ

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