اثر کاربرد ورمی‌‎کمپوست بر جذب عناصر غذایی و عملکرد دانه گیاه دارویی رازیانه(Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) در کشت مخلوط ردیفی با باقلا(Vicia faba L.)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 5، دوره 13، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 49، مهر 1400، صفحه 423-448   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v13i3.86789

نویسندگان

حکیمه محمدی؛ اسماعیل رضائی چیانه^*

گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ایران.

چکیده

به ­منظور بررسی تأثیر کاربرد کود ورمی‌‎کمپوست بر میزان جذب عناصر غذایی پرمصرف و کم مصرف و عملکرد دانه گیاه دارویی رازیانه(Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)  در کشت مخلوط جایگزینی با باقلا(Vicia faba L.) ، آزمایشی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا در سال زراعی 96-1395 اجرا شد. تیمار­های آزمایش شامل شش الگوی کاشت: کشت خالص رازیانه، کشت خالص باقلا، کشت مخلوط یک ردیف باقلا + یک ردیف رازیانه، دو ردیف باقلا + دو ردیف رازیانه، سه ردیف باقلا + دو ردیف رازیانه و چهار ردیف باقلا + دو ردیف رازیانه به‌‌عنوان عامل اول، و دو سطح کود: شامل مصرف کود ورمی‌‎کمپوست (10 تن در هکتار) و عدم مصرف کود به‌عنوان عامل دوم بودند. صفات مورد مطالعه شامل عملکرد دانه و غلظت عناصر غذایی پرمصرف و کم مصرف دو گونه بود. نتایج نشان داد که عملکرد دانه رازیانه و باقلا تحت تأثیر کود ورمی‌‎کمپوست افزایش یافت. همچنین، در رابطه با اثر الگوهای کشت نیز بیشترین عملکرد دانه هر دو گیاه رازیانه (33/2568 کیلوگرم بر مترمربع) و باقلا (67/2851 کیلوگرم بر مترمربع) از کشت خالص حاصل شد. بیشترین مقدار نیتروژن، فسفر، پتاسیم، کلسیم، منیزیم، آهن، روی، مس و منگنز از کشت مخلوط در شرایط کاربرد کود ورمی‌‎کمپوست به‌دست آمد. بالاترین نسبت برابری ســطح زیــر کشــت و زمــان (14/1) نیز در شرایط کاربرد کود آلی ورمی‌‎کمپوست در کشت مخلوط دو ردیف رازیانه + سه ردیف باقلا حاصل شد که نشان‌دهنده افزایش در بهره­وری در جذب و مصرف منابع نسبت به کشت خالص هر دو گیاه بود. با توجه به نسبت برابری ســطح زیــر کشــت و زمــان محاسبه شده، به نظر می­رسد که الگوی کشت دو ردیف رازیانه + سه ردیف باقلا در شرایط کاربرد کود ورمی‌‎کمپوست می‌تواند به‌عنوان تیمار برتر در بهره‌وری استفاده از زمین نسبت به کشت خالص دو گونه معرفی شود و این نشان‌دهنده برتری کشت مخلوط در مقایسه با کشت خالص است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عناصر کم مصرف؛ کشاورزی پایدار؛ کود آلی؛ نسبت معادل سطح - زمان؛ نیتروژن

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