umigant Acute Toxicity of Rosemary and Lavender Essential Oils and a Synergism between them Against Adults of Callosobruchus maculatus (Col.: Chrysomelidaed) under Laboratory Conditions

پژوهش های حفاظت گیاهان ایران

Article 5, Volume 34, Issue 2 - Serial Number 48, June 2020, Pages 195-205   

Document Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.22067/jpp.v34i2.58875

Authors

R. Latifizadeh¹; M. Khanjani^{* 1}; B. Zahiri²

¹Bu-Ali Sina University

²Hamedan

Abstract

Introduction: Cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus) is one of the key pests in the grain storage warehouses, which feeds on a variety of crops, including cowpea, pea, lentil, mung bean, and bean and causes damage on them. Sometimes this pest could destroy 100% of the stored bean seeds within 5-6 months. Currently, fumigants pesticide are used to control of cowpea weevil. This kind of control method has different adverse effects for consumers and does not provide effective control on the target pest. In order to control this pest in recent years, environmentally friendly pesticides, especially of plant origin are considered by researchers. In this regard, the pesticide effects of the rosemary essential oils (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) and their synergistic effects on the adults of Callosobruchus maculatus were studied.
Material and Methods: Bean beetles of this study were provided from Plant, Pest and Disease Research Institute in Karaj and then were transferred to laboratory of entomology of plant protection department of Jahad Keshavazi, Gom, Iran. The provided bean beetles were reared in laboratory condition to get mass production. Bioassay experiments of essential oils were performed with concentrations of 12, 25, 45, 86, 166, and 320 microliters per liter of air on adults of Callosobruchus maculatus (1-3 days) in 27±1°C temperature, 65±5% relative humidity and a photoperiod of 16 hours of darkness and 8 hours of light. The experiments were done on a mixture of mung bean and cowpea seeds into 60 ml glass containers in incubators. LC50 and LC90 index of each of the essential oils were calculated by POLO-PC software and analysis of variance was performed using SAS 9.1 software.
Results: The results indicated rosemary and lavender essential oils had insecticidal effect on the bean beetle and the insect mortality rate increased with increasing concentration. Rosemary essential oil was more toxic than lavender essential oil. The LC50 values of rosemary and lavender were 17.39 and 40.39 microliters per liter of air, respectively. To investigate the interaction effect of these two essential oils, another experiment was performed at previous concentrations in equal proportions (1: 1) of each essential oil and the LC50 value of the mixture was obtained 15.84 microliters per liter of air.
Conclusion: The synergistic ratio (SR) of lavender and rosemary essential oils was the equal to 1.82, which indicates that these essential oils intensify the effect of each other. The mean mortality due to respiratory toxicity of lavender and rosemary and their mixtures were 61.29, 77.38 and 81.58%, respectively.

Keywords

Essential oils; Lavender; Rosemary; Callosobruchus maculatus; Synergist

References

1-       Abbott W.S. 1925. A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology 18(2): 265-267.

2-       Bagheri Zanouz E. 1375. Coleoptera pests in Iran. Sepehr Press Center,

3-       Bell C.H. 2000. Fumigation in the 21^st century. Crop Protection 19: 563-569.

4-       Chew J.Z.G., and Ho S.H. 2002. Bioactivities of pepper extract and garlic oil on Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Stored-product and Quarantine Entomology 92: 676-683.

5-       Don-Pedro K.N. 1996. Fumigant toxicity is the major route of insecticidal activity of citrus peel essential oils. Pesticide Science 46: 71–78.

6-       Finny D.J. 1971. Probit analysis. 3^rd eds., Cambridge University Press Center, London.

7-       Golestani Kalat Z., Moravvej Gh., Azizi Arani M. and Hatefi S. 2011. Fumigant toxicity of the essential oils from Lavandula angustifolia Mill and Zataria multiflora Boiss on cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Journal of Plant Protection 25(3): 286-295. (In Persian with English abstract)

8-       Golestani kalat Z., Moravvej G., and Azizi Arani M. 2014. Repellent effects of the essential oils of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. and Zataria multiflora Boiss. on Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) with reference to their chemical compositions. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research 5(2): 131-138.

9-       Houghton P.J., and Howes M. 2005. Natural products and derivatives affecting neurotransmission relevant to alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Neurosignals 14: 6-22.

10-   Isman M.B. 2006. Botanical insecticides, deterrents, and repellents in modern agriculture and anincreasingly regulated world. Annual Review of Entomology 51: 45-66.

11-   Isman M.B. 2000. Plant essential oils for pest and disease management. Crop Protection 19(810): 603-608.

12-   Keita S.M., Vincent C., Schmit J., Ramaswamy S., and Belanger A. 2000. Effect of various essential oils on Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Journal of Stored Products Research 36: 355-364.

13-   Krishnarajah S.R., Gawesaligam V.K., and Senanayake U.M. 1985. Repellency and toxicity of some plant oil and their terpene components to Sitotroga cereallela. (Oliver) (Lepidoptera, Gelichiidae). Tropical Science 25: 249-52.

14-   Lee B.H., Choi W.S., Lee S.E., and Park B.S. 2001. Fumigant toxicity of essential oils and their constituent compounds towards the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.). Crop Protection 20: 317-320.

15-   Liu C.H., Mishra A.K., Tan R.X., Tang C., Yang H., and Shen Y.F. 2006. Repellent and insecticidal activities of essential oils from Artemisia princeps and Cinnamomum camphora and their effect on seed germination of wheat and broad bean. Bio resource Technology 97: 1969-1973.

16-   Mahfuz I., and Khalequzzaman M. 2007. Contact and fumigant toxicity of essential oils against Callosobruchus maculatus. University Journal of Zoology, Rajshahi University 26: 63-66.

17-   Manzoomi N., Ganbalani G.N., Dastjerdi H.R., and Fathi S.A.A. 2010. Fumigant toxicity of essential oils of Lavandula officinalis, Artemisia dracunculus and Heracleum persicumon the adults of Callosobruchus maculatus(Coleoptera: Bruchidae).Munis Entomology and Zoology 5(1): 118-122.

18-   Miresmailli S., and Isman M.B. 2006. Efficacy and persistence of rosemary oil as an acaricide against two spotted spider mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) on greenhouse tomato. Journal of Economic Entomology 99(6): 2015-2023.

19-   Mobki1 M., Safavi S.A. and Safaralizadeh M.H. 2014. Evaluation of fumigant toxicity of the essential oil of Citrus reticulata fruit peels and synergistic effect of diethyl maleate and acetone in the control of the adult cowpea weevils, Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Col.: Bruchidae). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 30(2): 292-298.

20-   Pimentel D., Andow D., Dyson-Hudson R., Gallahan D., Jacobson S., Irish M., Croop S., Moss A., Schreiner I., Shepard M., Thompson T., and Vinzant B. 1980. Environmental and social costs of pesticides: a preliminary assessment. Oikos 34(2): 125-140.

21-   Rajapakse R., and Van Emden F. 1997. Potential of four vegetable oils and ten botanical powders for reducing infestation of cowpeas by Callosobruchus maculatus, C. chinesis and C. rhodesianus. Journal of Stored Products Research 33(1): 59-68.

22-   Rajendran S., and Sriranjini V. 2008. Plant products as fumigants for stored-product insect control. Journal of Stored Products Research 44: 126-135.

23-   Regnault-Roger C., Hamraoui A., Holeman M., Theron E. and Pinel R. 1993. Insecticidal effect of essential oils from Mediterranean plants upon Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) a pest of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Journal of Chemical Ecology 19: 1231-1242.

24-   Shahkarami J., Falah Zadeh M., and Almasi S. 2010. Fumigation toxicity and oviposition deterrency of four plant essential oils on cowpea beetle. Plant Protection Journal 2(4): 265 – 276.

25-   Singh S.R., Luse R.A., Leuschner K., and Nangju D. 1978. Groundnut oil treatment for the control of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) during cowpea storage. Journal of Stored Products Research 14: 77-80.

26-   Sousa A.H., Maracaja P.B., Silva R.M.A., Moura A.M.N., and Andrade W.G. 2005. Bioactive of vegetal powders against Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in caupi bean and seed physiological analysis. Revista de Biologia e Ciencias da Terra 5(2).

27-   Tanzubil P.B. 1991. Control of some insect pests of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) with neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) in Northern Ghana. Tropical Pest Management 37: 216-217.

28-   Tripathi, A.K., Prajapati, V. and Kumar, S. 2003. Bioactivity of l-carvone, d-carvone and dihydrocarvone towards three stored product beetles. Journal of Economic Entomology 96: 1594–1601.

29-   Zargari, A. 1996. Medicinal Plants. Tehran University Publication, Tehran, Vol. 3, 6^th ed., 538 p.

30-   Zettler J.L., and Cuperus G.W. 1990. Pesticide resistance in Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in wheat. Journal of Economic Entomology 83: 1677-1681.