ارزیابی کیفیت علوفه گاودانه (Vicia ervilia) در کشت مخلوط افزایشی با جو بهاره (Hordeum vulgare)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 8، دوره 13، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 49، آذر 1400، صفحه 489-505   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v13i3.85494

نویسندگان

آرزو درخشانی؛ غلامرضا حیدری^* ؛ شیوا خالص رو

گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، کردستان، ایران

چکیده

یکی از مؤلفه‌های مؤثر در افزایش دستیابی به تولید پایدار در گیاهان زراعی، بهره­گیری از الگوهای کشت مخلوط غلات - لگوم است. در این نوع کشت مخلوط تثبیت بیولوژیکی نیتروژن توسط لگوم سبب بهبود کیفیت علوفه می‌شود، که تراکم و تاریخ کشت دو فاکتور مؤثر بر آن محسوب می­شوند. در این پژوهش، اثر تاریخ و تراکم کشت گاودانه (Vicia ervilia) در الگوی کشت مخلوط افزایشی با جو (Hordeum vulgare) بر کیفیت علوفه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل با دو فاکتور و بر پایه‌ طرح بلوک‌های‌ کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. فاکتورهای مورد بررسی شامل تاریخ کاشت (کاشت هم‌زمان، کاشت گاودانه 10 و 20 روز بعد از کاشت جو بهاره) و تراکم کاشت گاودانه (تراکم‌های 5/12، 25، 50 و 75 درصد) در کشت مخلوط افزایشی با جو بهاره بودند. همچنین دو تیمار کشت خالص جو و گاودانه نیز به‌عنوان شاهد در نظر گرفته شدند. صفات مورد مطالعه آزمایش نشان داد، بیشترین میزان ماده آلی (7/93 درصد)، الیاف نامحلول در شوینده خنثی (1/36 درصد) و اسیدی (9/24) در تاریخ کاشت هم‌زمان (6 فروردین ماه) و کمترین مقادیر این صفات (به‌ترتیب 2/91، 6/30 و 3/23 درصد) در تاریخ کاشت گاودانه 20 روز پس از کاشت جو (28 فروردین ماه) حاصل شد، در حالی که بیشترین مقادیر عناصر معدنی شامل نیتروژن، پتاسیم، سدیم و کلسیم در تاریخ کاشت هم‌زمان (6 فروردین ماه) به‌دست آمد. با افزایش تراکم گاودانه مقادیر نیتروژن، پتاسیم و سدیم گاودانه افزایش یافت. بیشترین میزان NDF (6/37 درصد) و  ADF(8/25 درصد) به تراکم 5/12 درصد و کمترین مقدار این صفات (به‌ترتیب 3/29 و 8/22 درصد) به تراکم 75 درصد تعلق داشت. تاریخ‎‌های متفاوت و تراکم‌های مختلف کشت و اثر متقابل دو فاکتور بر روی قابلیت هضم گاودانه در کشت مخلوط با جو اثر معنی‌داری نداشتند. در کل، چنین می‌توان اظهار داشت که در کشت مخلوط افزایشی گاودانه با جو بهاره، تأخیر در تاریخ کاشت هر چند سبب کاهش ADF و NDF می‌شود، امّا کاشت زودهنگام و هم‌زمان آن با جو، سبب افزایش کیفیت علوفه گاودانه از نظر عناصر معدنی می‌گردد. نتایج نشان داد در کشت مخلوط گاودانه با جو، تاریخ کاشت 6 فروردین ماه گاودانه از لحاظ عناصر معدنی به سایر تاریخ‍های کاشت برتری داشت و تراکم 75 درصد گاودانه به‌واسطه‍ کاهش NDF وADF  از کیفیت علوفه بهتری برخوردار بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

الیاف نامحلول در شوینده اسیدی و خنثی؛ عناصر معدنی؛ ماده خشک قابل هضم

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