تأثیر شوری خاک، نوع و مقدار کود نیتروژن بر عملکرد و ویژگی‌های بیوشیمیایی شاخساره گیاه خردل (Brassica rapa L.)

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 2، دوره 14، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 44، دی 1395، صفحه 575-586   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/gsc.v14i4.22231

نویسندگان

سمیرا تندیسه بنا؛ علیرضا آستارایی^* ؛ حجت امامی

دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

شوری خاک از مهم‌ترین عوامل محدود‌کننده کشاورزی در کشور ایران است. جذب نیتروژن تحت تنش شوری بیش از سایر عناصر غذایی کاهش می‌یابد. بنابراین، گزینش درست نوع و مقدار کود نیتروژن برای رسیدن به عملکرد بهینه الزامی است. این آزمایش به‌منظور بررسی دو نوع کود نیتروژن (نیترات کلسیم و سولفات آمونیوم) هر کدام با سه سطح کود نیتروژن (40 ، 80 و 120‌میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم)، در سه سطح شوری خاک (شاهد=C0 ، 5=C1 و 10=C2 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر) بر وزن خشک، غلظت و جذب نیتروژن در گیاه خردل زراعی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد اجرا گردید. نتایج نشان داد که علی‌رغم کاهش معنی‌دار وزن خشک اندام هوایی گیاه با افزایش شوری خاک نسبت به شاهد، وزن خشک و جذب نیتروژن با افزایش کاربرد کود نیتروژن افزایش و غلظت نیتروژن کاهش یافت، اما واکنش گیاه به نوع و مقدار کود نیتروژن مصرفی در سطوح مختلف شوری خاک متفاوت بود. به‌طور کلی در شرایط شوری خاک، سولفات آمونیوم در همه‌ی سطوح مصرفی در افزایش وزن خشک و جذب نیتروژن کارآیی به‌مراتب بهتری نسبت به نیترات کلسیم داشت، اما با توجه به ایجاد شوری بیش‌تر در خاک نسبت به نیترات کلسیم، مقدار مصرف آن تا حدی محدود‌کننده بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

شوری خاک؛ کود سولفات آمونیوم؛ کود نیترات کلسیم؛ گیاه

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