پاسخ فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی مرتبط با عملکرد بالنگوی شهری (Lallemantia iberica Fisch) به ازتوباکتر در مقایسه با کود اوره در خاک شور

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 10، دوره 13، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 49، مهر 1400، صفحه 519-538   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v13i3.82396

نویسندگان

نیلوفر باقری¹؛ علیرضا پیرزاد^{* 2}

¹گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ایران.

²گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ایران

چکیده

بالنگوی شهری (Lallemantia iberica Fisch)، با طول دوره رشد کوتاه، به­عنوان یک گیاه دارویی سازگار با اقلیم ایران مطرح می­باشد. این آزمایش با هدف بررسی و مطالعه اثر کود اوره و ازتوباکتر بر روی گیاه بالنگوی شهری در شرایط خاک شور به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1397 در دانشگاه ارومیه انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش در چهار سطح کود نیتروژنه (کود اوره (پنج گرم در هر مترمربع)، ازتوباکتر (Azotobacter chroococcum) با جمعیت 10⁹ عدد باکتری زنده و فعال در هر گرم کود بیولوژیک به دو ­صورت محلول­پاشی و بذرمال و تیمار بدون کود به­عنوان شاهد) و دو بستر خاک (غیر شور 91/0 و شور 70/6 دسی زیمنس بر متر) مرتب شدند. تیمار کود اوره در دو مرحله (9 و 11 هفته پس از کاشت) به­صورت دستی، کود­ بذرمال بیولوژیک هنگام کاشت در کرت­های موردنظر در تاریخ 21 اسفند ماه، و در تیمارهای محلول­پاشی، 11 هفته بعد از کاشت ازتوباکتر به‌صورت اسپری، بر روی گیاهان اعمال شدند. بذرمال ازتوباکتر در محیط شور باعث افزایش عملکرد بیولوژیکی (63/60 گرم بر مترمربع با احتساب ریشه و10/38 گرم بر مترمربع بدون احتساب ریشه) شد. برخلاف کاهش طول ساقه در خاک شور، مخصوصاً با اعمال محلول­پاشی ازتوباکتر، افزایش وزن گل با استفاده از کود اوره حتی در شرایط شور چشمگیر بود. بیشترین عملکرد دانه (71/22 گرم بر مترمربع) مربوط به گیاهان رشد کرده در محلول­پاشی ازتوباکتر در شرایط غیر شور بود. باوجود کاهش فسفر بخش هوایی در شرایط تنش شوری، فسفر ریشه تحت تأثیر شوری قرار نگرفت. گیاهان در شرایط تنش شوری و محلول­پاشی ازتوباکتر بیشترین غلظت کلروفیل کل و کارتنوئید را داشتند. کودهای اوره و بذرمال ازتوباکتر پرولین برگی را کاهش دادند. گلایسین بتائین و کربوهیدرات­های محلول در آب تحت تأثیر شوری خاک و انواع کود نیتروژنه قرار نگرفتند. سدیم بخش هوایی و ریشه در خاک شور افزایش یافت و کاربرد کود اوره منجر به افزایش مضاعف آن شد. به‌طورکلی، صرف ‌نظر از برخی تغییرات جزئی، شوری باعث کاهش در سطح پاسخ­های مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی مرتبط با عملکرد گیاه بالنگو شده است. البته مصرف کود­های نیتروژنه باعث کاهش خسارت شوری به‌ترتیب در تیمارهای بذرمال ازتوباکتر و اوره شد. محلول­پاشی ازتوباکتر مزیتی را در شرایط شور و غیر شور نسبت به شاهد نشان نداد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

زیست‌توده؛ عناصر غذایی؛ کارتنوئید؛ کودهای زیستی؛ کودهای نیتروژنه

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