تأثیر تنش رطوبتی بر صفات زراعی و مورفولوژیک لاین‌های اینبرد نوترکیب گندم

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 3، دوره 14، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 44، دی 1395، صفحه 599-617   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/gsc.v14i4.31822

نویسندگان

حامد نوری زاده¹؛ محمدحسین اهتمام^{* 1}؛ احمد ارزانی¹؛ محسن اسماعیل زاده مقدم²

¹دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان

²مؤسسه اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر کرج

چکیده

به‌منظور ارزیابی آثار تنش رطوبتی بر صفات زراعی و مورفولوژیک لاین‌های اینبرد نوترکیب گندم، مطالعه‌ای با استفاده از 169‌لاین در قالب دو طرح لاتیس جداگانه (تنش رطوبتی و شاهد) اجرا شد. دو رژیم رطوبتی مشتمل بر آبیاری بر اساس 70 و 130‌میلی‌متر تبخیر از تشتک تبخیر کلاس A و همین‌طور درصد رطوبت وزنی خاک استفاده شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که تفاوت بین لاین‌ها در شرایط عادی رطوبتی برای کلیه صفات به‌جزء تعداد دانه در سنبله، وزن دانه در سنبله، طول سنبله، تعداد روز تا گرده‌افشانی و تعداد روز تا رسیدگی معنی‌دار بوده است. در شرایط تنش رطوبتی نیز تفاوت لاین‌ها برای همه صفات به‌جزء تعداد دانه در سنبله، وزن هزار‌دانه و طول سنبله معنی‌دار بود. تنش رطوبتی موجب کاهش تعداد روز تا ظهور سنبله، تعداد روز تا گرده‌افشانی، تعداد روز تا رسیدگی، تعداد سنبله در واحد سطح، طول سنبله، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد دانه در سنبله، وزن دانه در سنبله، وزن هزار‌دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، عملکرد دانه و شاخص برداشت گردید. وراثت‌پذیری خصوصی شاخص برداشت در شرایط عدم تنش رطوبتی کمتر از شرایط اعمال تنش بود. بیش‌ترین وراثت‌‌پذیری خصوصی در شرایط معمول رطوبتی به تعداد سنبله در واحد سطح (77درصد) و در شرایط تنش رطوبتی به عملکرد دانه (84درصد) اختصاص داشت. نتایج رگرسیون مرحله‌ای در شرایط تنش رطوبتی نشان داد که تعداد سنبله در واحد سطح اولین متغیر وارد شده به مدل بوده است که به‌تنهایی 65‌درصد از تغییرات عملکرد دانه را تبیین نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اجزاء عملکرد؛ تنش خشکی؛ عملکرد دانه؛ شاخص تحمل به خشکی؛ طرح لاتیس

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