Evaluation of the effect of aqueous and methanolic extraction methods on the antioxidant and antimicrobial characteristics of Allium jesdianum extract: in vitro study

مجله پژوهشهای علوم و صنایع غذایی ایران

Article 7, Volume 17, Issue 1 - Serial Number 67, March and April 2021, Pages 83-91   

Document Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.22067/ifstrj.v17i1.85992

Authors

Mohammad Hojjati^* ; Behrooz Alizadeh Behbahani

Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran.

Abstract

Introduction: There is a remarkable interest in developing natural antimicrobial compounds of essential oils and plant extracts origin, due to the increase of bacterial resistance to common antibiotics. On the other hand, lipid oxidation in raw or processed materials leads to food rancidity and deterioration. In this way, synthetic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) are used to prolong the storage stability of food products. Nevertheless, the toxicologists and nutritionists have documented the side effects and potential toxic effects of synthetic antioxidants. Herbs contain a wide variety of phenolic compounds such as phenolic acids, flavonoid, tannins and so forth. These bioactive compounds could be therefore used as natural antioxidants and antimicrobial agents to suppress lipid oxidation and food spoilage. In this context, Allium jesdianum extracts were obtained and their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were investigated.
 
Materials and methods: A. jesdianum was exposed to methanolic and aqueous maceration-based extraction methods to extract its bioactive compounds with positive biological activity. The extraction yield, total phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity (based on DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity), and antimicrobial activity (based on disc diffusion agar, minimum inhibitory concentration, and minimum bactericidal concentration methods) of the methanolic and aqueous extracts were evaluated and compared to each otherr.
 
Results and discussion: The methanolic extract of A. jesdianum had higher extraction yield of 7.1±0.2% compared to the aqueous extract with 4.6±0.28% extraction yield, mainly due to the ability of methanol to extract both nonpolar and semi-polar compounds. The total phenolic compounds of the methanolic extract were also remarkably higher than the aqueous counterpart (88.28% vs. 68.29% mg gallic acid/g dried extract), indicating that the solvent type plays a significant role in extracting bioactive compounds. However, the aqueous extract was able to significantly scavenge DPPH and ABTS radicals compared to the methanolic extract. This means that the presence of phenolic compounds is not the only factor affecting the antioxidant activity of plant extracts. The bioactive extracts of A. jesdianum were able to suppress the growth of or kill the examined bacteria P. aeruginosa, E. coli, E. aerogenes, L. innocua, and S. pyogenes; and this effect was more pronounced in the methanolic extract. Therefore, A. jesdianum methanolic and aqueous extracts could be used as natural preservatives to improve the oxidative stability of food products rich in unsaturated fatty acids, and to inhibit the growth of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms, treat infections, and increase the safety of food products.

Keywords

Allium jesdianum; Methanolic and aqueous extract; Antioxidant activity; Antimicrobial activity; Phenolic compounds

References

Ahmadi, E., Abdollahi, A., Najafipour, S., Meshkibaf, MH., Fasihi-Ramandi, M., Namdar, N., Abdollahi, S., Mousavi, SM., SamiZadeh, B., Allahverdi, GH., 2016. Surveying the effect of the phenol compounds on antibacterial activity of herbal extracts: In vitro assessment of herbal extracts in Fasa-Fars Province. Journal of Fasa University of Medical Sciences, 6: 210-220.

Alizadeh Behbahani, B., Noshad, M., & Falah, F., 2019. Cumin essential oil: Phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial activity and investigation of its mechanism of action through scanning electron microscopy. Microbial Pathogenesis, 136, 103716.

Alizadeh Behbahani, B., Noshad, M., & Falah, F., 2019. Study of chemical structure, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and mechanism of action of Syzygium aromaticum essential oil on foodborne pathogens. Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences, 13(1), 875-883.

Alizadeh Behbahani, B., Shahidi, F., Yazdi, F. T., Mortazavi, S. A., & Mohebbi, M., 2017. Antioxidant activity and antimicrobial effect of tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus) extract and chemical composition of its essential oil. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 11(2), 847-863.

Alizadeh Behbahani, B., Shahidi, F., Yazdi, F. T., Mortazavi, S. A., & Mohebbi, M., 2017. Use of Plantago major seed mucilage as a novel edible coating incorporated with Anethum graveolens essential oil on shelf life extension of beef in refrigerated storage. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 94, 515-526.

Alizadeh Behbahani, B., Tabatabaei Yazdi, F., Shahidi, F., Mohebbi, M., 2014. Antifungal Effect of Aqueous and Methanolic Avicennia Marina Leaves Extracts on Alternaria Alternata and Penicillium Citrinum. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, 12 (2), 1015-1024.

Alizadeh Behbahani, B., Yazdi, F. T., Shahidi, F., Noorbakhsh, H., Vasiee, A., & Alghooneh, A., 2018. Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activities extracts of mangrove leaf against the growth of some pathogenic bacteria. Microbial pathogenesis, 114, 225-232.

Amiri, H. (2007). Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Allium jesdianum Boiss. & Buhse from Iran.

Azhdarzadeh, F., & Hojjati, M., 2016. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of leaf, ripe and unripe peel of bitter orange (Citrus aurantium) essential oils. Nutrition and Food Sciences Research, 3(1), 43-50.

Biswas, B., Rogers, K., McLaughlin, F., Daniels, D., & Yadav, A., 2013. Antimicrobial activities of leaf extracts of guava (Psidium guajava L.) on two gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. International Journal of Microbiology, 2013.

Dailey, A., & Vuong, Q. V., 2015. Effect of extraction solvents on recovery of bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties from macadamia (Macadamia tetraphylla) skin waste. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 1(1), 1115646.

Do, Q. D., Angkawijaya, A. E., Tran-Nguyen, P. L., Huynh, L. H., Soetaredjo, F. E., Ismadji, S., & Ju, Y. H., 2014. Effect of extraction solvent on total phenol content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of Limnophila aromatica. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 22(3), 296-302.

Dorosti, N., Zarabi, S., Ahmadi, Sh., Rostami, R., Rashidi Pour, M., 2017. Anticancer activity evaluation of methanolic extract of Allium Jesdianum and Nectaroscordeum Coelzi against HeLa and K562 cell lines. Yafteh, 19(1), 31-41.

Dutta, A. K., Gope, P. S., Makhnoon, S., Rahman, S., Siddiquee, M. A., & Kabir, Y. 2012. Effect of solvent extraction on phenolic content, antioxidant and α-amylase inhibition activities of Swertia chirata. International Journal of Drug Development and Research, 4, 317-325.

Faden, A. A. (2018). Evaluation of antibacterial activities of aqueous and methanolic extracts of areca catechu against some opportunistic oral bacteria. Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia, 15(3), 655-659.

Gonzalez-Palma, I., Escalona-Buendia, H. B., Ponce-Alquicira, E., Tellez-Tellez, M., Gupta, V. K., Diaz-Godinez, G., & Soriano-Santos, J., 2016. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of aqueous and methanol extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus in different growth stages. Frontiers in Microbiology, 7, 1099.

Heydari, S., Jooyandeh, H., Alizadeh Behbahani, B., Noshad, M., 2019. Invitro determination of chemical Compounds and antibacterial activity of Lavandula essential oil against some Pathogenic microorganisms. Scientific Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences, 27 (4), 77-89.

Javanmardi, J., Stushnoff, C., Locke, E., & Vivanco, J. M., 2003. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of Iranian Ocimum accessions. Food Chemistry, 83(4), 547-550.

Kalantari, H., Shamsi Ehsan, T., Samimi, A., Kheradmand, P., & Shirani, M., 2018. Histopathological and biomedical parameters determination in the protective effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Allium jesdianum on hepatotoxicity induced by bromobenzene in mice. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 14(2), 15-24.

Karaman, I., Şahin, F., Güllüce, M., Öǧütçü, H., Şengül, M., & Adıgüzel, A. (2003). Antimicrobial activity of aqueous and methanol extracts of Juniperus oxycedrus L. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 85(2-3), 231-235.

Martinez-Correa, H. A., Magalhães, P. M., Queiroga, C. L., Peixoto, C. A., Oliveira, A. L., & Cabral, F. A., 2011. Extracts from pitanga (Eugenia uniflora L.) leaves: influence of extraction process on antioxidant properties and yield of phenolic compounds. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 55(3), 998-1006.

Moradi, S., Razavi, S. H., & Vasiee, A., 2014. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Thymus vulgaris L. on some pathogenic bacteria ‘in vitro’. Agricultural Advances, 3(4), 124-130.

Mostafa, A. A., Al-Askar, A. A., Almaary, K. S., Dawoud, T. M., Sholkamy, E. N., & Bakri, M. M., 2018. Antimicrobial activity of some plant extracts against bacterial strains causing food poisoning diseases. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 25(2), 361-366.

Mousavi, R., Fashi, Z. H., Jahromy, M. H., & Rasooli, R., 2017. Potential of the Allium jesdianum Extract in Suppression of Anxiety and Depression in Mice. British Biomedical Bulletin, 5, 302-307.

Naeini, A., Yaraee, R., & Shokri, H., 2020. Antifungal and immunomodulatory activity of Allium jesdianum Boiss extracts. Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology, 9(1).

Noshad, M., Hojjati, M., & Alizadeh Behbahani, B. (2018). Black Zira essential oil: Chemical compositions and antimicrobial activity against the growth of some pathogenic strain causing infection. Microbial Pathogenesis, 116, 153-157.

Pinelo, M., Manzocco, L., Nuñez, M. J., & Nicoli, M. C., 2004. Solvent effect on quercetin antioxidant capacity. Food Chemistry, 88(2), 201-207.

Pirbalouti, A. G., 2019. Phytochemical and bioactivity diversity in the extract from bulbs and leaves of different populations of Allium jesdianum, a valuable underutilized vegetable.” ACTA Scientiarum polonorum-Hortorum cultus, 18(2), 115-122.

Rahman, A., & Kang, S. C., 2009. In vitro control of food-borne and food spoilage bacteria by essential oil and ethanol extracts of Lonicera japonica Thunb. Food Chemistry, 116(3), 670-675.

Rameshkumar, A., & Sivasudha, T., 2012. In vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activity of aqueous and methanolic extract of Mollugo nudicaulis Lam. leaves. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2(2), S895-S900.

Tabatabaei Yazdi, F., Alizadeh Behbahani, B., Vasiee, A., Roshanak, S., Mortazavi. A., 2017. Production of an antimicrobial edible coating based on Plantago major seed mucilage in combination with Heracleum persicum essential oil: its properties and application in beef. Applied Microbiology in Food Industries, 3(3), 1- 21.

Tepe, B., Daferera, D., Sokmen, A., Sokmen, M., & Polissiou, M., 2005. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil and various extracts of Salvia tomentosa Miller (Lamiaceae). Food Chemistry, 90(3), 333-340.

Thippeswamy, N. B., & Naidu, K. A., 2005. Antioxidant potency of cumin varieties—cumin, black cumin and bitter cumin—on antioxidant systems. European Food Research and Technology, 220(5-6), 472-476.

Vasiee, A., Tabatabaei, Y.F., & Mortazavi, S.A., 2016. The antibacterial activity of coriander (coriandeum sativum) on pathogenic microorganisms “in vitro”. Iranian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, 20(71), 59-66.