ارزیابی صفات ریخت‌شناسی‌، عملکرد و اسانس ریحان (Ocimum basilicum L.) تحت تأثیر کاربرد کودهای آلی

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 8، دوره 13، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 50، دی 1400، صفحه 705-721   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v13i4.85677

نویسنده

یوسف نصیری^*

اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه، ایران.

چکیده

مصرف کودهای آلی در سامانه‌های کشاورزی پایدار نقش مهمی در بهبود ویژگی‌های فیزیکی، شیمیایی و بیولوژیکی خاک و کاهش اثرات منفی زیست‌محیطی دارد. به‌منظور بررسی اثر کاربرد کودهای آلی و اسید هیومیک بر بعضی ویژگی‌های ریخت‌شناسی، عملکرد و اسانس ریحان، آزمایشی در سال 1393 به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در شهرستان اشنویه استان آذربایجان غربی اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل عامل اول (20 تن در هکتارکود گاوی، 5/7 و 15 تن در هکتار ورمی­کمپوست و شاهد) و عامل دوم کاربرد اسید هیومیک در سطوح مصرف خاکی، محلول‌پاشی و عدم مصرف بودند. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد کودهای آلی باعث افزایش معنی‌دار صفات ارتفاع بوته، تعداد ساقه‌های فرعی در بوته، طول ساقه­های فرعی در بوته، تعداد سرشاخه‌های­‌ گلدار در بوته و تعداد برگ در بوته شد. بیشترین تعداد ساقه‌های فرعی (1/13 عدد) با محلول‌پاشی و مصرف خاکی اسید هیومیک و بیشترین تعداد سرشاخه‌های گلدار (9/22 عدد) با محلول‌پاشی اسید هیومیک به‌دست آمدند. شاخص سبزینگی برگ در تمامی تیمارهای مصرف کود آلی نسبت به شاهد افزایش معنی‌داری نشان داد. به‌طور متوسط بیشترین عملکرد ماده خشک (6/538 گرم در مترمربع) با کاربرد یا عدم کاربرد اسید هیومیک تحت تأثیر 15 تن در هکتار ورمی­کمپوست به‌دست آمد. بیشترین عملکرد اسانس ریحان (94/2 گرم در مترمربع) با کاربرد 15 تن در هکتار ورمی­کمپوست به‌دست آمد. کاربرد اسید هیومیک به‌صورت محلول‌پاشی و خاک­‌مصرف به‌طور میانگین بیشترین عملکرد اسانس (72/2 گرم در مترمربع) و تیمار محلول‌پاشی اسید هیومیک بیشترین درصد اسانس (59/0 درصد) را به خود اختصاص دادند. به‌طور کلی، کاربرد تلفیقی 15 تن در هکتار ورمی­‌کمپوست و محلول‌پاشی یا مصرف خاکی اسید هیومیک منجر به تولید حداکثر ماده خشک ریحان گردید و کاربرد هر دو نوع کود آلی و اسید هیومیک بیشترین عملکرد اسانس را تولید کردند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

کود دامی؛ ماده خشک؛ ماده مؤثره؛ مواد هیومیکی؛ ورمی‌کمپوست

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