بررسی اثر مقادیر مختلف سوپرجاذب رطوبت و اسید‌هیومیک در شرایط کم‌آبیاری بر برخی ویژگی‌های اگرواکولوژیکی ذرت (Zea mays L.) به روش سطح پاسخ

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

مقاله 8، دوره 14، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 44، دی 1395، صفحه 746-764   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/gsc.v14i4.48347

نویسندگان

محسن جهان¹؛ محمد بهزاد امیری^{* 2}؛ فرانک نوربخش¹

¹دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

²مجتمع آموزش عالی گناباد

چکیده

امروزه مصرف متعادل و بهینه‌ی کود و آب از مهم‌ترین عوامل افزایش تولید و بهره‌وری کیفیت محصولات کشاورزی محسوب می‌شوند. به‌منظور برآورد مقادیر بهینه‌ی سوپرجاذب رطوبت، اسید‌هیومیک و آب آبیاری در زراعت ذرت (Zea mays L.) آزمایشی با استفاده از روش سطح پاسخ، در قالب طرح باکس-بنکن طراحی و در سال زراعی 93-1392 در مزرعه‎ی تحقیقاتی دانشکده‌ی کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی با توجه به سطوح پایین و بالای سوپرجاذب رطوبت (80 و 160‌کیلوگرم در هکتار)، اسید‌هیومیک (چهار و هشت کیلوگرم در هکتار) و حجم آب آبیاری (100 و 50‌درصد نیاز آبی) با استفاده از نرم‌افزار مشخص شدند که با در نظر گرفتن سه تکرار برای نقطه‌ی مرکزی، در مجموع 15‌ترکیب تیماری حاصل شد. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که عملکرد دانه به‌طور معنی‌داری تحت تأثیر اثرات اسید‌هیومیک و آبیاری از جزء خطی مدل رگرسیونی و اثرات درجه دو سوپرجاذب و آبیاری از جزء درجه دو مدل رگرسیونی قرار گرفت، به‌طوری‌که بیش‌ترین میزان عملکرد دانه (24489 کیلوگرم در هکتار) زمانی حاصل شد که به‌ترتیب از 120 و هشت ‌کیلوگرم در هکتار سوپرجاذب رطوبت و اسید‌هیومیک استفاده شد و در طول فصل رشد 300‌مترمکعب در هکتار آب در اختیار گیاه قرار گرفت. بیش‌ترین تأثیرگذاری اسید‌هیومیک در بهبود عملکرد ماده‎ی خشک در سطح میانی این کود (شش کیلوگرم در هکتار) حاصل شد، ضمن این‌که افزایش دو برابری اسید‌هیومیک مصرفی از چهار به هشت کیلوگرم در هکتار منجر به افزایش هفت درصدی میزان پروتئین دانه شد. در سناریوی اقتصادی با مصرف به‌ترتیب 06/126 و 19/7‌کیلوگرم در هکتار سوپرجاذب رطوبت و اسید‌هیومیک و 47/347‌مترمکعب در هکتار آبیاری عملکرد دانه‌ای معادل 26708‌کیلوگرم در هکتار به‌دست آمد. در سناریوی اقتصادی-زیست‌محیطی دست‌یابی به حداکثر عملکرد دانه (26309‌کیلوگرم در هکتار) و حداکثر کارآیی مصرف آب (23/5) زمانی محقق شد که از 63/123‌کیلوگرم در هکتار سوپرجاذب، 19/7‌کیلوگرم در هکتار اسید‌هیومیک و 23/323‌مترمکعب در هکتار آبیاری استفاده شد و از آنجایی‌که از دیدگاه اکولوژیک، سناریوی اقتصادی-زیست‌محیطی نسبت به دو سناریوی دیگر دارای اولویت است، به‎نظر می‌رسد با استفاده از مقادیر بهینه‌ی منابع در این سناریو می‌توان ضمن دست‌یابی به تولید پایدار ذرت، آلودگی‌های زیست‌محیطی را به حداقل رساند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

باکس‌بنکن؛ تلفات نیتروژن؛ تنش آبی؛ تابع درجه دو؛ سناریوی اقتصادی-زیست‌محیطی

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